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Fluid and Chem Bal
Ch 16 Fluid and Chemical Balance
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active transport | process of chemical distribution that requires an energy source. |
| Air embolism | bubble of air in the vascular system. |
| Anions | electrolytes with a negative charge. |
| Blood substitutes | fluids that when transfused carry and distribute oxygen to cells, tissues, and organs; also known as oxygen therapeutics. |
| Cations | electrolytes with a positive charge. |
| Circulatory overload | severely compromised heart function. |
| Colloids | undissolved protein substances. |
| Colloid solutions | water and molecules of suspended substances, such as blood cells, and blood products such as albumin. |
| Colloidal osmotic pressure | force for attracting water. |
| Crystalloid solution | water and other uniformly dissolved crystals, such as salt and sugar. |
| Dehydration | fluid deficit in both extracellular and intracellular compartments. |
| Drop factor | number of drops per milliliter in intravenous tubing. |
| Edema | excessive fluid in tissue. |
| Electrochemical neutrality | balance of cations with anions. |
| Electrolytes | chemical compounds, such as sodium and chloride, that are dissolved, absorbed, and distributed in body fluid and possess an electrical charge. |
| Emulsion | mixture of two liquids, one of which is insoluble in the other. |
| Extracellular fluid | fluid outside cells. |
| Facilitated diffusion | process in which certain dissolved substances require the assistance of a carrier molecule to pass from one side of a semipermeable membrane to the other. |
| Filtration | process that regulates the movement of water and substances from a compartment where the pressure is high to one where the pressure is lower. |
| Fluid imbalance | condition in which the body's water is not in proper volume or location in the body. |
| Hydrostatic pressure | pressure exerted against a membrane. |
| Hypertonic solution | solution that is more concentrated than body fluid. |
| Hypervolemia | higher-than-normal volume of water in the intravascular fluid compartment. |
| Hypoalbuminemia | deficit of albumin in the blood. |
| Hypotonic solution | one that contains fewer dissolved substances that normally found in plasma. |
| Hypovolemia | low volume in the extracellular fluid compartments. |
| Infiltration | escape of intravenous fluid into the tissue. |
| Infusion device | electric or battery-operated machine that regulates and monitors the administration of IV solutions. |
| Infusion pump | device that uses pressure to infuse solutions. |
| intake and output | record of a client's fluid intake and fluid loss over a 24hour period. |
| Intermittent venous access device | sealed chamber that provides a means for administering intravenous medications or solutions on a periodic basis. |
| Interstitial fluid | fluid in tissue space between and around cells. |
| Intracellular fluid | fluid inside cells. |
| Intravascular fluid | watery plasma, or serum, portion of blood. |
| Intravenous fluids | solutions infused into a client's vein. |
| Ions | substances that carry either a positive or negative electrical charge. |
| Isotonic solution | solution that contains the same concentration of dissolved substances as normally found in plasma. |
| Needleless systems | equipment that eliminates the need for needles. |
| Nonelectrolytes | chemical compounds that remain bound together when dissolved in solution. |
| Osmosis | process that regulates the distribution of water. |
| Oxygen therapeutics | fluids that when transfused carry and distribute oxygen to cells, tissues and organs; also known as blood substitutes. |
| Parenteral nutrition | nutrients, such as proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins, minerals and trace element, which are administered intravenously. |
| Passive diffusion | Physiologic process in which dissolved substances, such as electrolytes and gases, move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane. |
| Peripheral parenteral nutrition | isotonic or hypotonic intravenous nutrient solution instilled in a vein from the heart. |
| Phlebitis | inflammation of a vein. |
| Port | sealed opening. |
| Pulmonary embolus | blood clot that travels to the lung. |
| Third-spacing | movement of intravascular fluid to nonvascular fluid compartments, where it becomes trapped and useless. |
| Thrombus formation | development of a stationary blood clot. |
| Total parenteral nutrition | hypertonic solution of nutrients designed to meet almost all the caloric and nutritional needs of clients. |
| Venipuncture | accessing the venous system by piercing a vein with a needle. |
| Volumetric controller | electronic infusion device that instills intravenous solutions by gravity. |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke
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