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Nutrition
Terms to know on Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abdominal circumference | indirect measurement of fatty (adipose) tissue that is distributed in and about the viscera of the abdomen. |
| Anorexia | loss of appetite. |
| Anthropometric data | measurements of body size and composition. |
| Body mass index | numeric data used to compare a person's size in relation to norms for the adult population. |
| Cachexia | general wasting of body tissue. |
| Calorie | amount of heat that raises the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree C. |
| Carbohydrates | nutrients that contain molecules of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Cardiometabolic syndrome | cluster of modifiable risk factors that can potentially lead to cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus if uncontrolled. |
| Cellulose | undigestible fiber in the stems, skin and leaves of fruits and vegetables. |
| Complete proteins | those that contain all of the essential amino acids. |
| Dementia | impairment of intellectual functioning. |
| Diet history | assessment technique used to obtain facts about a person's eating habits and factors that affect nutrition. |
| Dysphagia | difficult swallowing. |
| Emaciation | excessive leanness. |
| Emesis | substance that is vomited. |
| Eructation | belching. |
| Essential amino acids | proteins components that must be obtained from food because they cannot be synthesized by the body. |
| Fats | nutrient that contains molecules composed of glycerol and fatty acids called glycerides. |
| Fat soluble vitamins | those carried and stored in fat; vitamins A, D, E, and K. |
| Flatus | gas formed in the intestine and released from the rectum. |
| Incomplete proteins | those that contain some, but not all of the essential amino acids. |
| Kilocalories | 1,000 calories , or the amount of heat that raises the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 degree C. |
| Lipoproteins | combinations of fats and proteins. |
| Malnutrition | condition resulting from a lack of proper nutrients in the diet. |
| Megadoses | amounts exceeding those considered adequate for health. |
| Metabolic rate | use of calories for sustaining body functions. |
| Midarm circumference | measurement used to assess skeletal muscle mass. |
| Minerals | noncaloric substances in food that are essential to all cells. |
| Nausea | feeling that usually precedes vomiting. |
| Nonessential amino acids | protein components manufactured in the body. |
| Nutrition | Process by which the body uses food. |
| Obesity | condition in which a person's body mass index exceeds 30 or the triceps skinfold measurement exceeds 15mm. |
| Projectile vomiting | vomiting that occurs with great force. |
| Protein | nutrient composed of amino acids; chemical compounds made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Protein complementation | combining plant sources of protein |
| Regurgitation | bringing stomach contents to the throat and mouth without the effort of vomiting. |
| Retching | act of vomiting without producing vomitus. |
| Saturated fats | lipids that contain as much hydrogen as their molecular structure can hold. |
| Triceps skinfold measurement | data estimating the amount of subcutaneous fat deposits. |
| Trans fats | unsaturated, fats hydrogenated fats. |
| Unsaturated fats | lipids that are missing some hydrogen. |
| Vegans | person who relies exclusively on plant sources for protein. |
| Vegetarians | person who restricts consumption of animal food sources. |
| Vitamins | chemical substances that are necessary in minute amounts for normal growth, maintenance of health, and functioning of the body. |
| Vomiting | loss of stomach contents through the mouth. |
| Vomitus | substance that is vomited. |
| Water-soluble vitamins | vitamins present and carried in body water, B complex and vitamin C. |