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Microbiology
DNA and RNA viruses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 7 Viral families of DNA viruses? | 1. Herpesviruses 2. Poxviruses 3. Hepadnavirus 4. Adenovirus 5. Papillomavirus 6. Polyomavirus 7. Parvovirus |
| Which DNA viral families are ENVELOPED? | Herpesviruses, Poxvirus, and Hepadnavirus |
| What is the DNA structure of Poxvirus? | Enveloped, linear, ds-DNA |
| Which is the largest DNA virus? | Poxvirus |
| Which DNA viruses are enveloped, linear, ds-DNA? | Herpesviruses and Poxviruses |
| Which are the unenveloped (naked) DNA viral families? | 1. Adenovirus 2. Papillomavirus 3. Poliovirus 4. Parvovirus |
| Enveloped, circular, partially ds-DNA virus? | Hepadnavirus |
| What are the medical important Poxviruses? | 1. Smallpox 2. Cowpox 3. Molluscum contagiosum |
| What is Molluscum contagiosum? | Flesh-colored papule with central umbilication caused by Poxvirus. |
| What is the most important Hepadnavirus? | HBV |
| Unenveloped, linear, ds-DNA virus? | Adenovirus |
| What are the important or medically relevant Adenoviruses complications? | 1. Febrile pharyngitis - sore throat 2. Acute hemorrhagic cystitis 3. Pneumonia 4. Conjunctivitis - "Pink eye" |
| What virus is implicated in the development of "Pink eye"? | Adenovirus |
| What is the structural-genomic description of Papillomavirus? | Undeveloped, circular, ds-DNA |
| What is the most commonly referred Papillomavirus? | HPV |
| Which HPV serotypes cause warts? | 1, 2, 6, 11 |
| HPV 1, 2, 6, and 11 are causative of? | Warts |
| Which HPV serotypes are associated with cervical cancer development? | 16 and 18 |
| JC virus and BK virus are both _______________________. | Polyomavirus |
| Which DNA viral families have a naked, circular, and ds-DNA structure? | Papillomavirus and Polyomavirus |
| JC virus often causes: | Progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV. |
| Which population is at higher risk of developing PML? | HIV due to JC infection. |
| BK virus most commonly affects the __________________. | Kidneys of transplant patients |
| Renal transplant patients are at higher risk of ________________ infection. | BK virus |
| Which is the smallest DNA virus? | Parvovirus |
| Undeveloped, linear, ssDNA virus? | Parvovirus |
| B19 virus causes: | Aplastic crises in sickle cell disease, "slapped cheeks" rash in children |
| What is the infection caused by B19 virus? | Erythema infectiosum, or Fifth disease. |
| What is a complication of Parvovirus infection in pregnant women? | Hydrops fetalis, due to RBC destruction in fetus |
| Pure RBC aplasia and Rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms, is often seen in? | B19 viral infection in healthy adults. |
| Which RNA viral families are Naked (Unenveloped)? | 1. Reoviruses 2. Picornaviruses 3. Hepevirus 4. Caliciviruses |
| All RNA viral families are single-stranded (ss)- RNA, except for _______________. | Reovirus (ds-RNA) |
| Which are the segmented viruses? | BOAR: Bunyaviruses Orthomyxoviruses Arenaviruses Reoviruses |
| What does been negative-stranded mean? | Must transcribe (-) negative strand to (+) positive. Virion brings its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. |
| Which type of RNA viruses have to carry and transport their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase? | Negative-stranded viruses |
| What is the mnemonic used for Negative-stranded viruses? | Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication |
| Which are the negative-stranded viruses? | Arenaviruses Bunyaviruses Paramyxoviruses Orthomyxoviruses Filoviruses Rhabdoviruses |
| Unenveloped, ds-RNA, linear, segented, and Icosahedral? | Reovirus |
| What are the 2 medically relevant Reoviruses? | 1. Coltivirus --- Colorado tick fever 2. Rotavirus --- #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children |
| Rotavirus is an: | Reovirus Causes: most common cause of fatal diarrhea in children |
| What is the genomic description of Picornaviruses? | Unenveloped, (+)ss-RNA, linear, Icosahedral |
| What is the mnemonic used to remember all Picornaviruses? | PERCH |
| PERCH: | P - Poliovirus - polio-Salk/Sabin vaccines E - Echovirus -- aseptic meningitis R - Rhinovirus - "common cold" C - Coxsackievirus - aseptic meningitis; herpangina (mouth blisters, fever); hand, foot, and mouth disease; myocarditis; pericarditis. H- HAV - acute viral hepatitis |
| What is seen in Herpangina? | Mouth blisters and fevers, due to Coxsackievirus infection. |
| What viral family causes Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease? | Picornavirus |
| HEV is an? | Hepevirus |
| What is the genomic structure of Hepevirus? | Naked, (+) ss-RNA, linear, with Icosahedral capsid. |
| Norovirus is an ______________________. | Calicivirus |
| What is caused by Norovirus? | Viral gastroenteritis |
| Genomic structure of Caliciviruses are shared with which other RNA viral family? | Hepevirus |
| What are the common Flaviviruses? | - HCV - Yellow fever - Dengue - St. Louis encephalitis - West Nile virus |
| Dengue viral genome is described as? | Enveloped,(+) ssRNA, linear, and icosahedral caspid |
| West Nile virus is an _______________________. | Flavivirus |
| Medical relevant Togaviruses? | Rubella, Eastern equine encephalitis, and Western equine encephalitis. |
| What is characteristic of different of Retroviral genomic structure? | It has 2 copies |
| Which kind of viruses have a Reverse Trasncriptase | Retroviruses |
| What are the two main Retroviruses? | 1. HTLV --- T cell Leukemia 2. HIV ---- AIDS |
| How many segments are in Orthomyxoviruses? | 8 segments |
| Arenaviruses have ____ segments | 2 |
| Which RNA viral familie has 3 segments? | Bunyaviruses |
| How many segments are seen in Reoviruses? | 10-12 segments |
| "Common cold", SARS, MERS are all ______________________. | Coronaviruses |
| To which RNA viral family does the Influenza viruses belong? | Orthomyxoviridae |
| What are the most common medical relevant Paramyxoviruses? | 1. Parainfluenza ---- croup 2. RSV --- bronchiolitis in babies 3. Measles, Mumps |
| What is the most common treatment for RSV? | Ribavirin |
| What diseases are caused by Filoviruses? | Ebola/ Marburg hemorrhagic fever |
| What are the 2 most common Arenaviruses? | 1. LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus 2. Lassa fever encephalitis |
| What are the most common Bunyaviruses? | - California encephalitis - Sandfly/ Rift Valley fevers - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Hantavirus - hemorrhagic, pneumonia |
| HDV is a _____________ virus. | Delta |
| What receptor is used by CMV? | Integrins (heparan sulfate) |
| EBV uses which kind of receptor? | CD21 |
| What are the receptors used by HIV? | CD4, CXCR4, CCR5 |
| Rabies use which receptor? | Nicotinic AChR |
| ICAM-1 receptor is used by _____________________. | Rhinovirus |
Created by:
rakomi
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