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honors Bio Test 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Microbiology | the study of microbes |
| Extremeophiles def. | like to live in extreme environments |
| Thermacidophiles | live in extreme heat |
| Methanogens | live in places with methane gas (ex: swamps) |
| Haliophiles | live in extreme salt places |
| Eubacteria | larger than archebacteria kingdom |
| Kingdom Eubacteria have may what? | pathogens (answer to a question) |
| Pathogens (Definition) | Any organism that causes disease |
| Uses of bacteria | *Used in making food *Sources of medical supplies *Bioremedication |
| Biomedication | "healing" the environment after a natural disaster. |
| Cynobacteria | origanally classified with plants, then protista, and now kingdom eubacteria (Blue-green algae. |
| Bloom condition | the sudden growth of bacteria in large quantities. |
| Bacterial shapes | Coccus, bacillius, and spirillium |
| Endospore | Layers of hard material around the nucleeoid region. Also helps some bacterium survive unfavorable conditions. |
| Anthrax | Used in bio-terrorist attacks, an endospore |
| Bacterial reproduction | Goes through binary fission.and genetic transfer |
| Binary fission | *Not mitosis *Does not form gametes |
| Conjugation | Two cells come together and exchange genetic info. |
| bacterial nutrician | most are heterotrophic. some are autotrophic |
| Parasitic | feed on a living host, Pathogens feed on tissue. |
| Saphrophytic | Feeds on dead, organic matter. |
| What does bacteria need to grow? | Moisture, correct temperature, correct ph, an energy source |
| Pasturization | Process that kills microbes in milk. |
| Spirochetes | corkscrew shaped |
| Lyme disease | caused by a Spirochete, spread by black-legged tic, often causes a red "bullseye" at site of bite, symptoms: Fever, headache, fatigue, and joint pain. If untreated- problems with heart and nervous system. |
| Who made the first "vaccine" | Edward Jenner He developed it for the disease small pox |
| Small pox | *Air born, contact |
| Iwanowdki | worked with tobacco viruses. Discovered viruses |
| Stanely | Won the nobel prize for isolating TMV (a virus) |
| Parts of viruses | *Nucleic acid core *Capsid (protein coat) |
| Bacteriophage: | a virus that infects certain bacteria |
| viruses are ........ | obligate intracellular parasites |
| Good and bad on viruses | Good- many viruses do not affect humans Bad- Once they are in us, its very hard to get them out without destroying the good cells. |
| Virulence | The ability of a pathogen to affect cells |
| Litic cycle | 1. attatchement 2. replication and transcription 3. assembly of more viruses 4. release |
| lysogenic cycle | when a virus remains inactive (latent) for a period of time |
| Persistent Infection | slowly releases virus particles without going through lytic cycle |
| Natural immunity | you have the disease |
| Artificial immunity | vaccines |
| When are antibiotics useless | when used on viruses |
| When are antibiotics very helpful and useful | when used on bacteria |
| Polio | *atacks nervous system *spread by direct or indirect contact |
| Infectious disease | A disease cause by a virus o r organism thet invades the body. |
| Etiology | science of figuring out what the pathogen is |
| Robert Koch | Theorized microscopic organisms in cows |
| incubation period | *The time between infection and the appearence of symptoms *Usually not contagious during this time. (but can be) |
| Contagious disease | a disease that spreads easily to others |
| Communicable disease | a disease that can spread by direct or indirect contact |
| Tuberculosis | bacterial infection |
| Exotoxin | releases toxin to the outside of the pathogen |
| Endotoxin | Remains inside the pathogen |
| Vector | Insect or other arthropod causes disease |
| Immune carrier | have the pathogen but do not have the symptoms |
| Typhoid | spread by contamination |
| Structural defenses | skin and mucous membranes, acids in stomach, tear glands |
| Lysozyme | an enzyme that breaks down the cell wall of bacteria |
| Lysis | Bursting of the host cell |
| Nonspecific defenses to disease | Fever, Inflimation |
| Bactericidal | kills bacteria |
| Bacteriostatic | stunts growth |
| Sir Alexander Fleming | Discovered penicillin |
Created by:
Ash1904