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Chapter 3
| Definition | ||
|---|---|---|
| sexual reproduction | two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism which differs from both parents. | |
| fertilization | Sexual reproduction involves an egg cell and a sperm cell joining to for, a new cell in a process. | |
| trait | A specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring through its genes. | |
| gene | is a sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring | |
| Inheritance | the process by which an offspring receives genes from its parents. | |
| asexual reproduction | a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent | |
| allele | a different form of the same gene. | |
| dominant | if an offspring inherits a dominant allele from either parent, that trait will always show up in the offspring. | |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring it is important to learn about the history behind the science. | |
| quantify | Mendel's studies became some of the most important in biology because he was one of the first to quantify his results | |
| factors | he called the information that carried the traits factors, because they determined what was expressed. | |
| dominant allele | is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. | |
| recessive allele | on the other hand is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present. | |
| probability | a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. | |
| chromosomes | scientists know that genes are segments of code that appear on structures. | |
| structures | these thread like structures within nucleus contain DNA that is passed from one generation to the next. | |
| cell cycle | the series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form daughter cells. | |
| function | without these instruction, living things would not be able to grow and function.. | |
| pedigree | a tool that geneticists use to map out the inheritance of traits. | |
| metosis | sex sells (sperm and egg) are formed through a very specialized process. | |
| mitosis | the majority of our body cells divide to make two genetically identical new cells in a process. | |
| chromatids | each chromosomes splits into two rod-like structures |
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