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Changing Earth Ch. 1

Vocabulary from Ch. 1: Plate Tectonics

QuestionAnswer
inner core a ball of hot, solid metals inside the Earth
outer core a layer of liquid metals that surrounds the inner core
mantle Earth's thickest layer, made of hot rock that is less dense than the metallic core.
crust a thin layer of cool rock that surrounds Earth like a shell surrounds an egg.
lithosphere Earth's crust and the very top of the mantle together
asthenosphere a layer of hotter, softer rock in the upper mantle
tectonic plates large and small slabs of rock that make up the lithosphere.
continental drift a hypothesis proposed by Alfred Wegener that stated that Earth's continents were once joined in a single landmass, called Pangaea, and gradually drifted apart.
Pangaea Alfred Wegener's name for the huge supercontinent that existed approximately 200 million years ago.
mid-ocean ridges huge underwater mountain ranges that appear in every ocean and circle the Earth like seams on a baseball
convection heat transfer by the movement of material
convection current the motion that transfers heat in a material
theory of plate tectonics states that Earth's lithosphere is made up of huge plates that move over the surface of Earth.
divergent boundary occurs where plates move apart.
convergent boundary occurs where plates push together
transform boundary occurs where plates scrape past each other
rift valley a gap that forms where mid-ocean ridges continue to widen.
magnetic reversal the switch in direction of the magnetic north and south poles
hot spots places where heated rock rises in plumes, or thin columns, in the mantle.
subduction when one plate sinks beneath another
continental-continental collision occurs where two plates carrying continental crust push together.
oceanic-oceanic subduction occurs where one plate with oceanic crust sinks, or subducts, under another plate with oceanic crust.
oceanic-continental subduction occurs when ocean crust sinks under continental crust
Created by: misskazantzis
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