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SpinalCord
Exam 6 - Lecture 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CNS is composed of: | The brain and spinal cord (SC) |
| PNS is composed of: | Neural tissue outside of the CNS |
| Functions of PNS | 1. Delivers sensory information to the CNS 2. Delivers motor commands to periphery skin, organs, muscle, joints, etc |
| How many pairs of cranial nerves extend off of the brain? | 12 |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves extend off of the spinal cord? | 31 |
| Four components protecting the Spinal Cord | 1. Vertebrae 2. Adipose tissue and blood vessels 3. Cerebrospinal fluid 4. Meninges |
| Where do spinal nerves ‘exit’ the spinal cord? | Intervertebral Foramen |
| Disc | Between each vertebrae; acts as a shock absorber |
| Spinal column (bone) outgrows spinal cord (CNS) at ___ years old | 4 |
| Adult spinal cord ends at | L1 (conus medullaris) |
| Cauda Equina begins at: | L1 (goes down from there) |
| Dorsal and Ventral roots of ___-___ spinal nerves extend inferiorly in spinal column and look like a horse’s tail | L2-S5 |
| Adipose tissue and blood vessels are located in: | Epidural space |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid is located in: | Subarachnoid space and Central canal |
| Meninges are: | Collagen and elastin coverings of spinal cord |
| Functions of Meninges | 1. Protects from canal 2. Provides stability and shock absorption |
| Layers of the Meninges: | [outside] Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater [inside] |
| Dura Mater means: | ”Tough Mother” |
| Dura Mater is the _______ layer | outermost |
| Function of Dura Mater | Tethers spinal cord at the top and bottom of spinal canal |
| Dura Mater blends with _________ at the top of the spinal cord and becomes continuous with ________. | Foramen Magnum Periosteum; Cranial Dura |
| Dura Mater blends with _________ (which eventually blends with ________) at the bottom of the spinal cord | Coccygeal Ligament; Periosteum of Coccyx |
| Flium Terminale | (Terminal Thread) Fibrous tissue at the base of the spinal cord (L1) that extends into the sacrum and eventually forms the coccygeal ligament (which eventually blends with coccyx periosteum) |
| Arachnoid Mater means: | ”Spidery Mother” |
| Arachnoid Mater is the _______ layer | Middle |
| Arachnoid Mater is made up of: | Connective tissue that extends into underlying Pia Mater |
| Subarachnoid Space contains: | Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Vessels |
| Pia Mater means: | ”Delicate Mother” |
| Pia Mater is the _______ layer | Innermost |
| Pia Mater is made up of: | Connective tissue that is interwoven with above Arachnoid Mater and is firmly interwoven with underlying neural tissue (spinal cord) |
| Pia Mater is connected to the Arachnoid Mater and Dura Mater by: | Denticulate Ligaments |
| Denticulate Ligaments | Laterally extend from the Pia Mater to provide lateral stability (connect to the Arachnoid Mater and Dura Mater) |
| Epidural Space | Space between Dura Mater and Vertebrae |
| Subdural Space | Space between Dura Mater and underlying Arachnoid Mater |
| Subarachnoid Space | Space between Arachnoid Mater and Pia Mater |
| Lumbar Puncture (LP)/Spinal Tap | CSF is removed from Subarachnoid Space; can detect infections, inflammation, cancer |
| LP/Spinal Tap removes CSF from: | Subarachnoid Space |
| Spinal Anesthetic | Injection into Subarachnoid Space/CSF that causes ’local’ blockage of sensory and motor nerves (more diffuse anesthesia) |
| Epidural Anesthetic | Injection into Epidural Space that causes local blockage of sensory (and some motor) nerves |
| Which Anesthetic is Injected into the Subarachnoid Space? | Spinal Anesthetic |
| Which Anesthetic is Injected into the Epidural Space? | Epidural Anesthetic |
| Gray Matter is composed of: | Nuclei/cell bodies, Neuroglia, Unmyelinated axons |
| Spinal Horns | ”H”-shaped gray matter in spinal cord |
| Dorsal Horn | Dorsal/’posterior’ gray matter of the spinal cord |
| Function of Dorsal Horn | Receives sensoty information from peripheral receptors (axons from Dorsal Roots synapse here) |
| Dorsal Horn receives ______ information | Sensory |
| Axons from Dorsal Roots synapse at the: | Dorsal Horn |
| Dorsal Root | Axons from Dorsal Root Nuclei that come off of the Dorsal Horn |
| Function of Dorsal Root | Afferent fibers that receive sensory information from periphery and send it to Dorsal Horn Nuclei in spinal cord [information in] |
| Dorsal Root Ganglia | Cell bodies of sensory neurons |
| Dorsal Root Ganglia have receptors in the ________ and synapse on cell bodies in _______. | Periphery; Dorsal Horn of spinal cord |
| Ventral Horn | Ventral/’anterior’ gray matter of the spinal cord |
| Function of Ventral Horn | Sends/Relays motor information to peripheral receptors |
| Ventral Horn sends ________ information | Motor |
| Axons from _______ synapse at the Ventral Horn | Ventral Roots |
| Ventral Root | Axons from Ventral Horn Nuclei |
| Function of Ventral Root | Efferent fibers that send/relay motor information to periphery to cause muscle movement, glandular secretions, etc |
| Ventral Root Ganglia | Non-existant; Nuclei of motor fibers are in Ventral Horn of spinal cord |
| Cell bodies of Ventral Root are in the: | Ventral Horn |
| Cell body of sensory neurons is located in: | Dorsal Root Ganglia |
| Cell body of motor neurons is located in: | Ventral Horn |
| Visceral Region of Dorsal Horn | Sensory (afferent) input from organs |
| Somatic Region of Dorsal Horn | Sensory (afferent) input from skin, muscles, joints |
| Visceral Region of Ventral Horn | Motor (efferent) output to organs |
| Somatic Region of Ventral Horn | Motor (efferent) output to skeletal muscles |
| Some regions of spinal cord have a lateral horn that contains cell bodies of ______ and _____. | SNS and PSNS |
| Spinal Nerves | Joining of Ventral and Dorsal Roots; Bundles of sensory and motor axons; Carry sensory and motor information |
| Spinal Nerves Carry what Type of Information? | Sensory and Motor |
| 31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves Divided into: | 8 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacral, 1 Coccygeal |
| How many Cervical Nerves? | 8 |
| How many Thoracic Nerves? | 12 |
| How many Lumbar Nerves? | 5 |
| How many Sacral Nerves? | 5 |
| How many Coccygeal Nerves? | 1 |
| The Spinal Nerves are part of the ____ Nervouse System | Peripheral |
| White Matter | Outer section of Spinal Cord; Myelinated axon |
| Tracts | Bundles of similar (size, speed, direction, information) CNS axons; sensory or motor, not mixed |
| Can Tracts contain both sensory and motor nerves? | No, they cannot be mixed |
| Ascending Tracts | Carry Sensory information to brain |
| Descending Tracts | Carry Motor commands to spinal cord |
| Columns | Groups of Tracts (anterior, posterior, and lateral locations in Spinal Cord) that are a combination of sensory and motor tracts |
| Can Columns contain both sensory and motor Tracts? | Yes |
| Plexus | Network of nerves that innervate specific areas |
| Cervical Plexus Innervates: | Neck, Diaphragm |
| Brachial Plexus Innervates: | Chest, Arms |
| Lumbar Plexus Innervates: | Lower Torso, Legs |
| Celiac (Solar) Plexus Innervates: | Stomach/Diaphragm |
Created by:
Cyndi1087
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