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mech.and chemical
6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 guided notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| this principle states that the same processes that operate today operated in the past | uniformitarianism |
| the removal of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity | erosion |
| the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth's surface | weathering |
| type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces | mechanical weathering |
| the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes | chemical wathering |
| the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity | abrasion |
| process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands | frost wedging |
| iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water, the product is rust | oxidation |
| means that a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it. | permeable |
| weathering is the _______ and _______ processes that break down rock at Earth's surface | chemical, physical |
| weathering and ______ work together to _____ Earth's surface | erosion, change |
| mechanical weathering is the type of weathering in which rock is _________ broken down into smaller pieces | physically |
| chemical weathering can occur from; . action of _____ . oxygen . carbon dioxide . ______ organisms . acid rain | water, living |
| what factors determine the rate of weathering? | type of rock and climate |
| the minerals that make up a certain type of rock determines how _______ it weathers | fast |
| ________ refers to the average weather conditions in an area | climate |
| both chemical and mechanical weathering occur faster in ___ and ____ climates | hot, wet |
| loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow. | soil |
| what is soil made of? | particles of weathered rock, minerals, decayed organic material, water, and air |
| a dark- colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay. | humus |
| soil that is rich in _____ is fertile | humus |
| measures how well the soil supports plant growth in that soil | fertility |
| the _____ _______ depends on the size of soil particles | soil texture |
| _____ can hold a lot of water. This can be bad because the plants can _____. | clay, drown |
| ________ ____ has a course texture ,causing water to drain through it quickly. | sandy soil |
| sandy soil is bad because plants can die from _____________. | dehydration |
| ______ is made of clay, sand, and silt ( sometimes gravel). This soil is _________ for growing most plants. | loam, perfect |
| there are different layers of soil called the _____ ________. | soil horizons |
| horizon __- topsoil | A |
| horizon __- subsoil | B |
| horizon __- contains only partly weathered rock | C |
| some soil organisms make _____ | humus |
| some soil organisms mix the soil and make spaces in it for ___ and _____. | air, water |
| ___________ are the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and _______ them with chemicals. | decomposers, digest |
| after a plant dies, it is "___________" by decomposers. This helps keep the soil rich in __________. | processed, nutrients |
| earthworms and other burrowing animals help ___ and ________ soil. Both of which are necessary for _____ soil. | mix, generate, rich |
| how far beneath the surface does each cross section of soil show? | one meter |
| in a northern forest soil, what is above the topsoil and how does it form? | litter; it is formed by dead leaves and plant remains. |
| everything that lives on Earth depends on ____. | soil |
| soil takes a ____ time to form. | long |
Created by:
Giana.gabriel
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