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Earthquake/Volcano
definitions for worksheet
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| compression | the type of stress that occurs when an object is squeezed, such as when two tectonic plates collide |
| tension | is the stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object |
| folding | the bending of rock layers because of stress in the Earth's crust |
| fault | the surface along which rocks break and slide past each other |
| folded mountain | form when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward, occurs at a convergent boundary |
| volcanic mountain | this type of mountain forms when rock that is melted in subduction zones forms, magma, which rises to the Earth's surface and erupts |
| uplift | the rising of regions of the Earth's crust to higher elevations |
| seismology | the study of earthquakes |
| deformation | the change in the shape of rock in response to stress |
| seismic wave | waves of energy that travel through the Earth |
| epicenter | the point of the Earth's surface directly above the earthquakes starting point |
| Richter Magnitude Scale | a rating scale that is used to measure the strength or magnitude of an earthquake |
| Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale | how scientist measure the intensity, which means to what degree the earthquake is felt by people and the amount of damage caused by the quake, of an earthquake |
| Volcano | are areas of the Earth's surface through which magma and volcanic gases pass |
| magma chamber | a body of molten rock deep underground that feeds a volcano |
| vents | these are cracks in the Earth's crust through which magma rises from the magma chamber |
| pyroclastic flow | these are produced when enormous amounts of hot ash, dust, and gases are ejected from a volcano, it is extremely dangerous |
| crater | a funnel shaped vent located around the central vent at the top of many volcanoes |
| cladera | a large, semicircular depression that forms when the chamber that supplies the magma to a volcano partially empties and the chamber's roof collapses, the ground above the magma chamber sinks in |
| hot spots | are volcanically active places on the Earth's surface that are far away from plate boundaries, can form/produce long chains of volcanoes |
| focus | the point inside the Earth where the earthquake began |
Created by:
parhamscience
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