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Cell Growth and Divi
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Surface Area | the area that surrounds the surface |
| Volume | the amount of space,measure in cubic units,that an object or substance occupies |
| Ratio | the relation between two similar magnitudes with respect to the number of times the first contains the second:written 5:2 or 5/2 |
| DNA overload | one copy of Dna isn't enough to control everything in one cell |
| Parent Cell | a cell that is the sorce of all other cells, as a cell that divides to produce two or more daughter cells |
| Daughter Cell | two cells that used to be one |
| Somatic Cell | one of the cells that take part in the formation of the body,becoming differented into various,tissue,organs,etc |
| Mitosis | Division of the cells nucleus |
| cytokinesis | cytoplasm pinches in half,Daughter cells have an identical set of duplicate chromosomes.(divsions of cell cytoplasm |
| Chromosomes | Carry genetic info |
| Centromere | Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
| Sister chromatids | duplication of chromosomes |
| Chromatin | granular material visible withen the nucleus;consists |
| Spindle Fibers | fanlike microtubule structure that helps seperate the chromosomes during mitosis |
| cell plate | a plate that developes midpoint between the two groups of chromosomes in a dividing cell and that is involved in forming the wall between the two new daughter cells |
| Tumor | mass of growing tissue |
| Cyclins | one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukargote cells |
| internal regulater | -proteins that respond to the events inside the cell.They allow the cell cycle to proceed only when certain process have happened inside the cell |
| External Regulator | -Proteins that respond to events outside the cell.They direct the cell to spedd up or slowdown the cell cycle |
| What is the cell cycle? | the cycle of growth and divsion of a cell, consisting of interphase followed in actively dividing cells by prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
| Besides maintaning a good cell size what are the main resons your healthy somatic cells grow and divide? | If it gets to big one copy of the DNA wouldn't be enough to control everything if it kept growing also the bigger the cell the harder it is to move nutrients and waste across the membrane. |
| 'Biologie is the only science in which multiplication is the same as division'What does this quote mean? | In cell division the cell gets multiplied to have daughter cells |
| AS a cell gets larger,which increases faster,it's surface are or volume?Does this make the surface-are-to-volume ratio get larger or smaller?Why is the answer significant | As the length of a cell increases it's volume increases faster then the surface area and decreases the cells ratio of surface area to volume. Makes it harder for the cell to move neeeded materieals in and waste products out quickly enough for it to surviv |
| What are the three oatrs of interphase? | g1-cell grows and makes new proteins and organelles Sphase-Dna gets coppied G2-the cell gets prepared for mitosis |
| Prophase | The centrioles take up posistions on oppisite sides of the nucleus |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of th spindle |
| Anaphase | sister chromatids seperate into indiviuale chromasomes.They continue to move till they seperate into two goups |
| Telophase | chromosomes gather at oppiset ends of the cell and lose their distinct shape.Anew nucleaur envelope forms around each cluster of chromosomes |
| cytokenesis | the cytoplasm pinches in half |
| how are dna chromosomes chromatin and sis chromatids related? | CHromatin and chromosomes carry DNA.Chromatid mutiplies itself into sister chromatids which are codensed into chromasomes. |
| Why can cancer be considered a disease of the cell cycle? | It doesnt respod to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells |
| What is the name of the gene we have learned that is present in a very high number of cancer cells? | p53 |
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SaimaMaq