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physiology bone
bone test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 types of joints and examples | 1. fibrous- no movement, skull at the sutures 2. cartilaginous- limited motion, intravertebral disks of the neck and spine 3. synovial- free movement, all other joints, have shock absornbing pads called meniscus and fluid filled sacs called bursae |
| osteoporosis | occurs from not enough calcium salts or phosphorous, makes bones brittle and weak, women in 60's and 70's, exercise sunlight vitamin d and clacium help |
| difference between male and female skull | skull- female skull is lighter and has less conspicuous muscular attachments. facial area is rounder, jaw is smaller and mastoid is less prominent |
| difference between male and female pelvic girdle | female coxae are lighter, thinner, and have less obvious muscular attachments. the obtura foramen and acetubula are smaller and farther apart |
| difference between male and female pelvic cavity | female is wider in all diameters shorter, roomier, and less funnel shaped. |
| difference between male and female sacrum | female is wider, the first sacral vrtebra projects forward to a lesser degree, the sacral curvature is bent more sharply posteriorly |
| difference between male and female coccyx | female is more moveable |
| ball and socket joint | ball-shaped head fits into a cup-shaped cavity, allows rotational movement exp.-shoulder and hip |
| condyloid joint | oval-shaped condyle fits into ab elliptical cavity, no rotation exp.-between metacarpals and philanges |
| gliding joint | connecting surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved, sliding or twisting exp.-wrist or ankle |
| hinge joint | convex fits into concave, flexion and extension(back and forth) exp.-elbows |
| pivot joint | cylindrical surface into ring of bone and ligament, rotation around a central axis exp.- proximal ends of the radius and ulna |
| saddle joint | both concave and convex regions; one surface fits the surface of the other, variety of movements exp.-thumb |
| flexion | bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together( bending the at the knee) |
| extension | straightening parts at a joint so that the angle increases and the parts move farther apart( straghtenin at the knee) |
| dorsiflexion | bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin |
| plantar flexion | bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole |
| hyperextension | excess extension of the parts at a joint, beyond the anatomical position |
| abduction | moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body) |
| adduction | moving a part toward the midline (returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body) |
| rotation | moving a part around an axis( turning the head from side to side) |
| circumduction | moving a part so that its ends follow a circular path (moving the finger in a circular motion without moving the hand) |
| pronation | turning the hand so that the palm is facing downward or posteriorly |
| supination | turning the hand so that the palm is facing upward |
| eversion | turning the foot so that the sole faces laterally |
| inversion | turning the foot so that the sole faces medially |
| retraction | moving a part backward (pulling the chin backward) |
| protraction | moving a part forward(thrusting the chin forward) |
| elevation | raising a part ( shrugging) |
| depression | lowering a part (drooping the shoulders) |
| 5 functions of bone | 1.support and protection 2.blood cell production 3.store inorganic salts 4. provide movement 5.passage ways for blood vessels |
| 5 active tissues | 1.bone 2.blood 3.nervous 4.dense connective 5.cartilage |
Created by:
meekhaley
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