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biology thing vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetics | studying of ways that hereditery info is passed from parents to offspring |
| hybrid | offspring of purebred parents, shout one contrasting trait, not the other |
| P generation | self pollinate |
| F1 generation | first generation of offspring |
| F2 Generation | second generation of offspring |
| law of dominance | when an oranism is hybrid for a pair of contrasting traits, only the dominant trait can be seen in the hybrid |
| law of segregation | factors that occur in paris are sepperated from each other during taploid fromation and recombined at fertilization. |
| genes | a segment of DNA formely called a factor |
| alleles | different copy or forms genes controlling certain traits. |
| homozygous | both alleles are the same (pure bred) |
| heterozygous | alleles are different (hybrid) |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| phenotype | physical trait that an organism develops |
| chance | no one outcome is more likely to happen than another |
| test cross | individual with an unknown genotype is metod with a homozygous recessive individual. The phenotype of the offspring help us figure out what the genotype is. |
| incomplete dominance | Ex. japanese 4oclock flower and boht alleles contribute to a phenotype/// |
| condominance | two dominant alleles expressed at the same time/// |
| multiple alleles | more than 2 alleles for a gene in the speices. Ex. human blood type/// |
| sex chromosomes | chromosomes in cells from males and females are the same for one pair of chromosomes that match./// |
| sex-linked traits | traits controlled by a gnee on the sex chromosome (normally on the x chromosome) /// |
| linkage group | on the same chromosomes are inherited together/// |
| crossing over | homologous chromosomes exchagne pieces of DNA during meiosis |
| polygenic/multiple gene inheritance | traits are controlled by two or more genes. |
| semi-convservative replication | one strand (half of "ladder") of old DNA is part of new DNA |
| One-gene-on-polypeptide hypothesis | the synthesis of each polypoptidels directed by a different gene |
| transcription | copying from DNA to RNA |
| Translation | copying from RNA to DNA |
| mRNA | "stop" seguence release mRNA to DNAgoes to ribosome //// |
| tRNA | goes to ribosome//// |
| codon | each group of 3 bases on RNA |
| anticodon | doesnt belong to any group of some sort/// |
| mutations | sudden change in the structure or amount of genetic material |
| chromosomal mutation | structural change in the chromosome of number of chromosomes |
| gene mutation | affects one gene on a chromosome |
| mutagens | environmental factors that causes mutations |
| polyploidy | oranism has more than normal number of copies of chromosomes |
| point mutation | one nucleotide changes normally results in substitution of one animo acid |
| frameshift mutation | nucleotides are added or deleted. Most serious frameshift mutations involve1,2 nucleotides. |
| genetic engineering | /??????? |
Created by:
dancrx52
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