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biology vocab
DNA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genetics: | the branch of biology that studies the ways in which hereditary information is passed on from parents to offspring. |
| hybrid: | individuals that are heterozygous for particular traits. |
| p generation: | the geneartion in a breeding experiment. |
| f1 generation: | the first generation produced in a breeding experiment. |
| f2 generation: | the second generation produced in a breeding experiment. |
| law of dominance: | the principle of genetics stating that when organism pure for contrasting traits are crossed, all their offspring will show the dominat trait |
| law of segregation: | the genetic principle stating that the alleles of a gene occur in pairs and are separated from each other dirung meiosis and are recombined at fertilization |
| genes | a distinct unit of hereditary material found in chromosomes |
| alleles | the different forms of the gene for a trait |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an individual |
| phenotype | the physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genetic makeup |
| test cross | a genetic cross in which a test organism showing the dominat trait is crossed with one howing the recessive trait |
| sex chromosome | the two unmatched chormosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| linkage group | all the genes that are on the same chromosome |
| crossing over | the process in which pieces in which pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged during synapsis in the first meiotic division |
| polygenic/multiple gene inheritance | the type of inheritance in which two or more pairs of genes affect the same characteristic |
| one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis | the hypothesis that every gene directs the syntheiss of a particular polypeptide chain |
| transcription | the copying of a genetic message from a strand of DNAinto a molecule of RNA |
| translation | using RNato make polypeptides |
| mRNA | goes to ribosomes |
| tRNA | goes to aminoacids |
| codon | a group of three bases in an mRNA molecule that specifies a particular amino acid |
| anticodon | a sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that pairs with the complementary three-nucleotide codon of an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis |
| mutations | sudden change in the structure of amount of genetic material |
| chromosomal mutation | a change in chromosome structure, resulting in new gene combinations |
| gene mutation | a change in the sequence of the bases in a gene, which changes the structure of the polypeptide that the gene codes for |
| mutagens | enviromental factors that causes mutations |
| polyploidy | a condition in which the celss have some multiple of the normal chromosome number |
| point mutation | one nucleotide changes normally results in substiction of one amino acid |
| frameshift mutation | nuclotides are added or deleted |
| genetic engineering | the process of proudcing altered DNA, usually by breaking a DNA molecule and inserting new genes |
Created by:
carito1203
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