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Bio Chapter 10
Mitosis and Meiosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the G1 phase? | Cell Growth |
| How do cells stop growing? | Telomeres get too short |
| What is chromatin? | Complex of chromosomes and protein |
| What is a chromatid? | DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome |
| What is metaphase? | Chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell |
| What is telophase II? | Nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes |
| What is mitosis? | Division of the nucleus |
| What makes cells grow? | Cyclin |
| What does a chromosome look like? | An X shape |
| What is a tetrad? | 4 part structure made of homologous chromosomes |
| What is the end result of meiosis? | 4 haploid daughter cells |
| What is cyclin? | Protein that regulates the cell cycle |
| What is apoptosis? | Programmed cell death |
| What is a tumor? | Cancer cells form a mass of cells |
| What is a zygote? | Fertilized egg made from a sperm and egg |
| Without seeing a doctor how can you recognize if you might be developing cancer? | lumps, moles, warts, freckles, change in bowel, unusual bleeding or discharge, sores that don't heal, trouble swallowing, enlargement or mass in the breast |
| What is meiosis? | Division of sex cells |
| What is cancer? | Uncontrolled division of abnormal cells, cells that don't respond to the signals that regulate their growth, form masses, and can break away from the mass and disrupt the normal activity of other cells |
| What are the phases of the cell cycle? | G1, S, G2, M |
| What is the G2 phase? | Period after DNA replication; when the cell prepares for division |
| What is the S phase? | DNA synthesis; chromosomes duplicate and divide to form identical sister chromatids |
| What is the M phase? | Mitosis |
| What are the parts of mitosis? | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| How are cancer cells different from other cells? | They don't respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells |
| What controls cell growth? | Cell cycle, cyclin, growth factors |
| What is a diploid? | 2N; 46 chromosomes |
| What is a haploid? | 1N; 23 chromosomes |
| What is crossing over? | Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes |
| What is crossing over important? | Genetic variation |
| What is the end result of mitosis? | 2 identical daughter cells |
| What is cell division? | Process by which a cell divides forming two new daughter cells |
| What is asexual reproduction? | Two cells produced by cell division are genetically identical to the cell that produced them |
| What is sexual reproduction? | Fusion of two separate parent cells |
| What is reproduction? | Formation of new individuals |
| What are chromosomes? | Genetic information that is package of DNA |
| What is the cell cycle? | Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
| What is interphase? | Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions |
| What is cytoknsis? | Division of the cytoplasm |
| What is a centromere? | Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
| What are centrioles? | Tiny paired structures located in the centrosome |
| What is prophase? | First and longest phase of mitosis; the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible |
| What is anaphase? | Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
| What is telophase? | After the chromosome separates, the cell seals off, final phase of mitosis |
| What are growth factors? | Stimulate the growth and division of cells |
| What is cancer? | Disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth |
| What is an embryo? | Living things pass through a developmental stage |
| What is differentiation? | Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function |
| What are stem cells? | Unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells |
| What does homologous mean? | Cells that are the same |
| What is prophase II? | Chromosomes become visible and each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids |
| What is metaphase II? | Chromosomes line up at the equator |
| What is anaphase II? | Sister chromatids separate at opposite ends of the cell |
| What does iPS mean? | Induced Plurpotent Stem Cells |
| What is meant by a STAP cell? | Differentiated cells turned back into stem cells by stressing them |
| Why is iPS better than hES? | iPS can be taking from adult cells while hES is killing an embryo |
| To make a functioning red blood cell from a blood stem cell what must be removed and added to the cell? | Hemoglobin must be added and all of the cell organelles must be removed |
| What does multipotent mean? | Adult cells |
| What does totipotent mean? | Able to do everything, to develop into any type of cell in the body |
| What does blastocyst mean? | Hollow balls of cells with a cluster of cells inside known as the inner cell mass |
| What does pluripotent mean? | Can develop into any of body's cell types |
| What happens when cancer cells are ignored? | Cells will continue to duplicate and form a tumor |
| What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid? | A chromatid is one half of a replicated chromosome, where as a chromosome consists of DNA wrapped around proteins in an organized manner |
| What represents a sex cell? | Gametes cells |
| How does a tetrad form? | When duplicated chromsomes, composed of two identical chromatids, pair up and compleye the process of crossing over |
Created by:
23bruern
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