Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch 17 CNS
Biology of Drugs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System: What is it? | Physically: brain and spinal cord Functionally: autonomous, self-organizing, multi-level information processing and control system |
| 4 Major Cell Types | Neuron, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes, and Astrocytes |
| Neuron | Primary information communication, synthesis, and storage cell |
| Microglia | Specialized immune cells in the brain |
| Oligodendrocytes | Provide insulation for fast electrical transmission |
| Astrocytes | Support cells provide metabolic support, cleans up synapse, regulate blood flow, releases immune signaling, etc. |
| Neurotransmitters are defined by: | 1) presynaptic presence 2) release initiated by calcium dependent depolarization 3) postsynaptic presence of a specific receptor |
| Metabolic Receptors | When neurotransmitter binds it secondary messenger signaling is activated (ex. G-protein coupled receptor, receptor tyrosine kinase ) |
| Ionotropic Receptors | When neurotransmitter binds it pore/channel is opened which permits the passage of certain ions. (ex. Na+,K+,Ca2+ and/or Cl-) (ex. NMDA, AMPA, and Kainate Receptor) |
| Electric Cells: Diffusion Concentration Gradient is? | the process of particles (dye/ions) moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of those particles |
| Electric Cells: pumps and channels | Neurons create gradients across the membrane using ion pumps/transporters and channels |
| Action Potential 1 | Gradient and voltage is set by pumping out of the cell Na+ (3 ions) in K+(2 ions) |
| Action Potential 2 | Neurotransmitter is released and binds opening ligand gated ion channels positively charged ions flow in the postsynaptic neuron |
| Action Potential 3 | At an elevated voltage Voltage-gated sodium channels sodium flows in. Goes from -70 to -55. |
| Action Potential 4 | At an more elevated voltage Voltage-gated potassium channels open potassium flows out |
| Action potential propagation | Saltatory conduction uses myelination of the axon interrupted by nodes of Ranvier where the action potential is regenerated. |
| Presynaptic Release 2 | An action potential invades the presynaptic terminal. |
| Presynaptic Release 3 | Depolarization of presynaptic terminal causes opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels |
| Presynaptic Release 4 | Influx of Ca2+ through channels |
| Presynaptic Release 5 | Ca2+ causes vesicles to fuse with presynaptic membrane |
| Presynaptic Release 6 | Transmitter is released into synaptic cleft via exoxytosis |
| Neurotransmitter Reuptake | -Neurotransmitter is released from receptor -Neurotransmitter is taken up by glial and presynaptic neuron transporter -Neurotransmitter is either broken down or repackaged into vesicle |
| The Neuron | Store and send info Receive and send signals primarily through chemical synapses (some populations also use electrical synapses) |
| Astrocytes/Astroglia | -Provides metabolic support -Regulate blood flow -Remove neurotransmitters from the synapse -Buffers glutamate -Plays a role in mediating restorative properties sleep -Release inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines |
| Microglia | Resident macrophages of the brain (immune cells) -Detect damage and respond to inflammatory signaling -Prune synapses -Envelope dead/dying cells |
| Oligodendrocytes | Insulating cells Wrap neuron axons in myelin (fatty) sheaths to permit fast transmission of electrical activity though the cells Myelinated tracts are known as ‘white matter’ in the brain |
| Oligodendrocytes | One oligodendrocyte can extend processes to ~50 axons Myelination occurs throughout development and may not be finished until ~25-30 years of age in the frontal lobes |
| Brainstem | Composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla |
| Cerebellum: What does it do? | -Fine movements -Balance -Coordination -Posture -Motor learning |
| Hypothalamus | Important for maintaining homeostasis in the body **Example! Encounter antibodies Fever + sickness behavior |
Created by:
10218764322912579