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Cells
Cells and what they are. For the 7th grade
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. |
| Microscope | an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as mineral samples or animal or plant cells, typically magnified several hundred times. |
| Organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Cell wall(Plant) | a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose. |
| Cell Membrane | the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| Cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Nucleus | a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material. |
| Mitochondrion | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae). |
| Chloroplast | (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| Vacuole | a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
| Selectively Permeable | Selective permeability is a property of cellular membranes that only allows certain molecules to enter or exit the cell. |
| Diffusion | the intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles. |
| Osmosis | a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| EndoCytosis | Endocytosis is the process of actively transporting molecules into the cell by engulfing it with its membrane. |
| ExoCytosis | a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. |
| Cell Cycle | The cell cycle is a cycle of stages that cells pass through to allow them to divide and produce new cells. |
| Interphase | the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis. |
| Replication | the process by which genetic material or a living organism gives rise to a copy of itself. |
| Mitosis | a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. |
| Cytokinesis | the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells. |
| Tissue | Tissue is a cellular organisational level between cells and a complete organ. |
| Organ | a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans. |
| Organ System | An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions |
| Stimulus | a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue. |
| Gland | an organ in the human or animal body which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings. |
| Hormone | a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action. |
| Stress | pressure or tension exerted on a material object. |
Created by:
Julian Mcke
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