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Chapter 2 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Cell The basic unit of structure and function in living things.
Microscope An instrument that makes small objects look larger.
Cell theory A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
Organelle A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
Cell wall A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cell plants and some other organisms.
Cell membrane A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass into and out of a cell.
Cytoplasm The thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane or between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Nucleus The central core of an atom, which contains protons and neurons.
Mitochondrion Rod shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
Chloroplast An organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food.
Vacuole A sac like organelle that stores, water, food, and other materials.
Selectively permeable A property of cell membrane that allows some substances to pass across it, while others cannot.
Diffusion The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Endocytosis The process by which the cell membrane takes particles into the cell by changing shape and engulfing the particles.
Exocytosis The process by which the vacuole surrounding particle fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell.
Cell cycle The series of events in which of a cell grows, prepares for division , and divides to form two daughter cells.
Interphase The first stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs, during which a cell grows and makes a copy of its DNA.
Replication The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus before cell division.
Mitosis The second stage of the cell cycle, during which the cells nucleus divide into two new cell nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.
Cytokinesis The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cells cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new daughter cells.
Tissue A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Organ A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues that work together.
Organ system A group of organs that work together to perform a major function.
Stimulus Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way.
Response An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.
Gland An organ that produces and releases chemicals either through ducts or into the blood stream.
Hormone A chemical that affects growth and development, or the chemical produced by an endocrine gland.
Stress The reaction of a persons body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events.
Created by: MulansRamenBowl
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