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Science Quarterly 1
Review for Upcoming Science Quarterly
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biosphere | The sphere containing all living organisms. |
| Geosphere | The sphere containing the solid metal inner core, the liquid metal outer core, the rocky mantle, and crust. |
| Hydrosphere | The sphere containing all of Earth's water. |
| Cryosphere | The frozen component of the hydrosphere. |
| Atmosphere | The relatively thin envelope of gases that forms Earth's outermost layer. |
| Positive Feedback | Reinforces, or speeds up, a process that is already underway. |
| Negative Feedback | Causes a process to slow down or go in reverse. |
| Topography | The shape of the land. |
| Landforms | Earth's natural features, such as coastlines, dunes, mountains, lakes, rivers, etc. |
| Constructive Forces | Forces that construct, or build up land. They shape the topography of the geosphere by creating mountains and other huge landmasses. |
| Destructive Forces | Forces that destroy and wear away landmasses and affect the geosphere. Rain, wind, ice, and fire are all examples of destructive forces. |
| Water Cycle | The continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back again. This movement is driven by the energy from the sun and by gravity. |
| Evaporation | Changing of a liquid to a gas |
| Condensation | Water vapor changes into a liquid. For condensation to occur, tiny particles must be present in the atmosphere so that the water has a surface on which to condense. |
| Precipitation | Water that forms in clouds and falls to Earth as rain, sleet, snow, hail, and freezing rain. |
| Transpiration | Water vapor given off through the leaves of plants. |
| Watershed | The land area that supplies water to a river system. |
| Aquifers | Stores of water underground that are accessible for human use. Aquifers, glaciers, and other groundwater sources provide most of Earth's fresh water. |
| Air Pressure | A column of air that exerts a force on you. |
| Density, Air Pressure, and Altitude | The higher the altitude, the lower the air density because there is less air pressure forcing the air molecules together. The lower the altitude, the higher the air density because there is more air pressure forcing the air molecules together. |
| Mesosphere | Directly above the stratosphere. It protects the Earth from meteoroids. Temperature in this layer decreases as altitude increases. This is the coldest layer. |
| Troposphere | This is the layer where Earth's weather occurs and where we live. It is closest to Earth's surface and experiences changeable conditions. Temperature decreases quickly as altitude increases. |
| Stratosphere | This is the layer of the atmosphere that contains the most ozone. Temperature increases as altitude increases. |
| Thermosphere | This is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere. The thermosphere is Earth's boundary with space. |
| Humidity | The measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. |
| Maritime Tropical Air Masses | Form over water; hot and humid weather |
| Maritime Polar Air Masses | Form over water; cool and humid weather |
| Continental Tropical Air Masses | Form over land; hot and dry weather |
| Continental Polar Air Masses | Form over land; cool and dry weather |
| Cold Front | Forms when a cold air mass runs into a warm air mass. This can result in abrupt and hazardous weather such as heavy rains and winds, thunderstorms, and tornadoes. |
| Warm Front | Forms when a fast-moving warm air mass overtakes a slower-moving cold air mass. The weather is usually warmer and more humid after a warm front moves by. These fronts move slowly so there may be rain and clouds for a few days. |
| Occluded Front | Forms when a warm air mass gets caught between two cold air masses. Air temperature drops and as the warm air rises and cools, clouds gather and rain or snow may fall. |
| Stationary Front | Forms when cold and warm air masses meet but neither one can move the other. Water vapor in the warm air condenses into rain, snow, fog, or clouds. This type of front may bring many days of clouds and precipitation. |
| Cyclone | Areas of low pressure with winds spiraling in the center. |
| Meterologist | A scientist who studies and predicts weather. |
| Safety Precautions: Tornado | Go to a safe area quickly. Move to the middle of the ground floor. Stay away from windows and doors. |
| Safety Precautions: Winter Storm | Stay or get indoors and keep a supply of water and food on hand in case of a power outage. |
| Safety Precautions: Thunderstorm | If you are outside, find a low area away from trees, fences, and poles. If you are swimming or in a boat, get to shore and find shelter. |
| Safety Precautions: Hurricane | Be prepared to evacuate or move away temporarily. If you hear a hurricane warning and are told to evacuate, leave the area immediately. |
| Lake Effect Snow | Moisture from the lake is added to the winter storm as it moves inland. When a cold, dry air mass moves southeast across the lakes, it picks up water vapor and heat. |
| Gulf Stream | The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current. It creates a warm air mass, causing the air temperature along the East Coast to be warmer. |
Created by:
dalbap
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