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Chapter 8
PBSC CHROMOSOMES & CELL DIVISION BSC1005 259323 CONCEPTS IN BIOLOGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This monosomy occurs in females which have only one X chromosome. | Turner Syndrome |
| The portion of mitosis that includes: chromosomes re-condensing, a new nuclear envelope forms for each cell; cytokinesis occurs here also. | Telophase |
| The total number of chromosomes in a diploid human cell. | 46 |
| The term for cells having half the normal number of chromosomes. | Haploid |
| The nuclear division mechanism which results in hapoid (1/2 the chromosome number) cells for reproduction | meiosis |
| Females have the following sex chromosomes _______. | XX |
| True or False? The father determines the sex of the offspring in humans. | True |
| Another name for sex cells (eggs & sperm): | Gametes |
| Non-disjunction is a failure of chromosomes to separate during _____. | Meiosis |
| What is the numerical representation for any diploid number of chromosomes? | 2n |
| The term for cells having two chromosomes of each type. | Diploid |
| Total number of chromosomes in a human diploid cell. | 46 |
| The nuclear division mechanism which results in clones for growth and development. | mitosis |
| 2n + 1 conditions due to non-disjunction are called a _____. | Trisomy |
| Chromosome pairs which are the same type (shape, number, same genes). | Homologous |
| The division of the cytoplasm which occurs during telophase is called _______. | Cytokinesis |
| The phase of interphase when the DNA is replicated, is known as _______. | Synthesis - S |
| What percentage of the cell's life cycle is spent in Interphase? | 90% |
| The division of the cytoplasm in animal cells (during telophase). | Cleavage Furrow |
| A ball of cells resulting from uncontrolled growth. | Tumor |
| The region of the duplicated chromosome where the sister chromatids are joined. | Centromere |
| This is another name for Down's Syndrome. | Trisomy 21 |
| 2n - 1 conditions due to non-disjunction are called a _____. | Monosomy |
| All chromosomes which are NOT sex chromosomes are called _____. | autosomes |
| How many chromosomes in a human gamete (egg or sperm)? | 23 |
| The "arms and legs" of the chromosome (X shaped) | Chromatids |
| The total number of chromosome pairs in a diploid human cell. | 23 |
| This is an organized display of chromosomes in a duplicated state. | Karyotype |
| Explain how crossover occurs? (Between what portions of chromosomes) | Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes |
| The division of the cytoplasm in plant cells (during telophase). | Cell Plate |
| The nuclear division mechanism whereby the daugher cells are haploid. | Meiosis |
| This syndrome occurs in males with the XXY genotype. | Klinefelter |
| The portion of mitosis wherein the chromosomes line up at the spindle equator. | Metaphase |
| The portion of mitosis wherein the sister chromatids are separated and each is pulled toward an opposite pole. | Anaphase |
| Males have the following sex chromosomes _______. | XY |
| What is the purpose of crossover during meiosis? | Genetic Mixing (Recombination) |
| What is the purpose of meiosis (producing gametes)? | Sexual reproduction |
| Genes which have the potential to cause cancer (usually genes which are associated with cell growth). | Oncogenes |
| The G1 phase of interphase stands for _______. | Growth or GAP |
| This 2n + 1 condition is due to a third copy of chromosome #21. | Down Syndrome |
| Malignant tumor cells that break off from the primary tumor and form new tumors at distant sites. | Metastasis |
| Compared to mitosis, how many stages of meiosis are there? | Eight (4 -PMAT I and 4 PMAT II) |
| The portion of mitosis wherein the DNA condenses and two poles are established. | Prophase |
| What is the numerical representation for any haploid number of chromosomes? | n |
| DNA which is complexed with proteins. | Chromosomes |
| Chemicals or radiation that can damage DNA. | Mutagens |
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