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Chapter 8
PBSC CHROMOSOMES & CELL DIVISION BSC1005 259323 CONCEPTS IN BIOLOGY
Question | Answer |
---|---|
This monosomy occurs in females which have only one X chromosome. | Turner Syndrome |
The portion of mitosis that includes: chromosomes re-condensing, a new nuclear envelope forms for each cell; cytokinesis occurs here also. | Telophase |
The total number of chromosomes in a diploid human cell. | 46 |
The term for cells having half the normal number of chromosomes. | Haploid |
The nuclear division mechanism which results in hapoid (1/2 the chromosome number) cells for reproduction | meiosis |
Females have the following sex chromosomes _______. | XX |
True or False? The father determines the sex of the offspring in humans. | True |
Another name for sex cells (eggs & sperm): | Gametes |
Non-disjunction is a failure of chromosomes to separate during _____. | Meiosis |
What is the numerical representation for any diploid number of chromosomes? | 2n |
The term for cells having two chromosomes of each type. | Diploid |
Total number of chromosomes in a human diploid cell. | 46 |
The nuclear division mechanism which results in clones for growth and development. | mitosis |
2n + 1 conditions due to non-disjunction are called a _____. | Trisomy |
Chromosome pairs which are the same type (shape, number, same genes). | Homologous |
The division of the cytoplasm which occurs during telophase is called _______. | Cytokinesis |
The phase of interphase when the DNA is replicated, is known as _______. | Synthesis - S |
What percentage of the cell's life cycle is spent in Interphase? | 90% |
The division of the cytoplasm in animal cells (during telophase). | Cleavage Furrow |
A ball of cells resulting from uncontrolled growth. | Tumor |
The region of the duplicated chromosome where the sister chromatids are joined. | Centromere |
This is another name for Down's Syndrome. | Trisomy 21 |
2n - 1 conditions due to non-disjunction are called a _____. | Monosomy |
All chromosomes which are NOT sex chromosomes are called _____. | autosomes |
How many chromosomes in a human gamete (egg or sperm)? | 23 |
The "arms and legs" of the chromosome (X shaped) | Chromatids |
The total number of chromosome pairs in a diploid human cell. | 23 |
This is an organized display of chromosomes in a duplicated state. | Karyotype |
Explain how crossover occurs? (Between what portions of chromosomes) | Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes |
The division of the cytoplasm in plant cells (during telophase). | Cell Plate |
The nuclear division mechanism whereby the daugher cells are haploid. | Meiosis |
This syndrome occurs in males with the XXY genotype. | Klinefelter |
The portion of mitosis wherein the chromosomes line up at the spindle equator. | Metaphase |
The portion of mitosis wherein the sister chromatids are separated and each is pulled toward an opposite pole. | Anaphase |
Males have the following sex chromosomes _______. | XY |
What is the purpose of crossover during meiosis? | Genetic Mixing (Recombination) |
What is the purpose of meiosis (producing gametes)? | Sexual reproduction |
Genes which have the potential to cause cancer (usually genes which are associated with cell growth). | Oncogenes |
The G1 phase of interphase stands for _______. | Growth or GAP |
This 2n + 1 condition is due to a third copy of chromosome #21. | Down Syndrome |
Malignant tumor cells that break off from the primary tumor and form new tumors at distant sites. | Metastasis |
Compared to mitosis, how many stages of meiosis are there? | Eight (4 -PMAT I and 4 PMAT II) |
The portion of mitosis wherein the DNA condenses and two poles are established. | Prophase |
What is the numerical representation for any haploid number of chromosomes? | n |
DNA which is complexed with proteins. | Chromosomes |
Chemicals or radiation that can damage DNA. | Mutagens |