Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Viruses and Bacteria
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| N gonorrhoeae Organism structure morphology | Gram negative diplococci, oxidase +, catalase +, Glucose fermentation |
| N gonorrhoeae Epidemiology | C5-9 deficiencies at high risk, sexual contact STD |
| N gonorrhoeae Pathogenesis & Virulence Factors | Pili for non-ciliated epithelium, no capsule, IgA protease, antigenic changes in pili + OMPs, LOS and tissue damage, |
| N gonorrhoeae Clinical Disease STD | (purulent discharge) to cause cervicitis, salpingitis, ovaritis, urethritis, PID, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome |
| N gonorrhoeae Clinical Disseminated disease - | purulent arthritis, pustular rash on extremities; pharyngitis, neonatal conjunctivitis |
| N gonorrhoeae Diagnosis Lab Diagnostics | Gram stain for males. Thayer martin for females |
| N gonorrhoeae Treatment, Prevention, Control – | Ceftriaxone |
| N. meningitidis Organism structure morphology | Gram negative diplococci, oxidase +, catalase + Glucose and maltose fermentation |
| N. meningitidis Epidemiology | Reservoir of nasopharynx of healthy adults; leading cause of bacterial meningitis; C5-9 deficiencies at high risk; living in close proximity; inhalation of respiratory droplets |
| N. meningitidis Pathogenesis & Virulence Factors | Capsule, IgA protease, LOS and tissue damage |
| N. meningitidis Clinical Disease | 90% caused by A, B, C, Y, and W135 serotypes. Meningitis, small skin petechial rash, septicemia, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (hemorrhage into adrenal- disseminated intravascular coagulation), arthritis, pneumonia |
| N. meningitidis Diagnosis | Lab Diagnostics - agglutination test, chocolate and modified Thayer martin |
| N. meningitidis Treatment, Prevention, Control | penicillin; rifampin or Cipro for family members; vaccine - MPSV4 (all major serotypes but B); Bexsero for serotype B |
| Moraxella catarrhalis Organism structure morphology | Gram negative, oxidase positive, strict aerobic, diplococci |
| Moraxella catarrhalis Epidemiology - | Lower respiratory disease in adults (elderly) |
| Moraxella catarrhalis Clinical Disease - | Otitis media, sinusitis (children), RTI in elderly |
| Moraxella catarrhalis Treatment, Prevention, Control | Amoxicillin-clavulanate or Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim |
| Moraxella catarrhalis Third most common cause of | otitis media and sinusitis in children (after S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae) |
| Moraxella catarrhalis Lower respiratory disease in | adults (elderly) with COPD |
| Moraxella catarrhalis Resistant to | 1st-generation β-lactams, susceptible to everything else |
| Haemophilus influenzae B Organism structure morphology | Gram negative, pleiomorphic, facultative anaerobe, coccobacilli |
| Haemophilus influenzae B Epidemiology | Major cause of respiratory tract illness in unvaccinated |
| Haemophilus influenzae B Pathogenesis & Virulence Factors | Capsule, invasive, IgA protease, biofilm formation, avoid phagocytosis, LOS causes tissue damage |
| Haemophilus influenzae B Clinical Disease | Bacteremia and meningitis - Initial respiratory infection, spread from nasopharynx, Epiglottitis - children, cellulitis on cheeks or periorbital |
| Haemophilus influenzae B Diagnosis Lab Diagnostics | Gram negative rods in CSF, sputum; agglutination test, requires factors V (NAD) and X (Hemin) - chocolate agar, supplement factors in agar, and satellite test on blood agar |
| Haemophilus influenzae B Treatment, Prevention, Control | Ceftriaxone; 50% resistant to cillins; conjugate vaccine (non-typeable, use amox+clav or macrolides) |
| Bordetella pertussis Organism structure morphology | Gram negative, obligate aerobe, coccobacilli |
| Bordetella pertussis Epidemiology | Direct contact via respiratory droplets or fomites |
| Bordetella pertussis Pathogenesis & Virulence Factors - | Adherence to ciliated cells. Tracheal cytotoxin inhibits DNA synthesis, Adenylyl cyclase toxin directly increases cAMP, Pertussis toxin (AB5) ADP-ribosylates Gαi to increase cAMP |
| Bordetella pertussis Clinical Disease - | Sever cough, weight loss, seizures, hemorrhage |
| Bordetella pertussis Diagnosis | Lab Diagnostics - Regan-Lowe agar or Charcoal cephalexin blood agar |
| Bordetella pertussis Treatment, Prevention, Control | - Macrolides and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; vaccine - CTaP (acellular pertussis - pertussis toxoid and FHA (filamentous hemagglutinin) |
| Legonella pneumophillia Organism structure morphology | Gram negative, facultative intracellular rod, motile |
| Legonella pneumophillia Epidemiology - | Inhalation of aerosolized contaminated water (heat, stasis, and ,aerosolization) - can survive in cold and heat |
| Legonella pneumophillia Pathogenesis & Virulence Factors | Flagella, pili, T4SS to modify the phagosome |
| Legonella pneumophillia Clinical Disease | Pneumonia, very high fever moth-eaten lung tissue, Popcorn X-ray |
| Legonella pneumophillia Diagnosis | Lab Diagnostics - BCYE (buffered charcoal yeast extract) agar plus cysteine and iron; ELISA detects LPS in urine |
| Legonella pneumophillia Treatment, Prevention, Control - | Macrolides and fluoroquinolones |
| Mycoplama Organism structure and morphology | Facultative anaerobe, non-motile, pleiomorphic; no peptidoglycan, no cell wall, cholesterol in membrane |
| Mycoplama Epidemiology | community acquired by respiratory droplets |
| Mycoplama Pathogenesis & Virulence Factors | No invasion of epithelium, but attaches using a tip-like organelle, superantigen production (fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, Gulf War Syndrome, RA) |
| Mycoplama Clinical Disease | Chronic carriage with no fever but dry coughing (walking pneumonia) |
| Mycoplama Diagnosis | Lab Diagnostics - Cold agglutinins (anti-RBC antibodies); Fried egg colony on Eaton's agar |
| Treatment, Prevention, Control | Macrolides |
| EPEC Epidemiology | Pediatric disease, Children <2 y.o., Small Intestine |
| EPEC Symptoms | Watery diarrhea, no fever or inflamation |
| EPEC Virulence Factors | Pedestal formation, A |
| EPEC Pathogenesis | Actin Rearrangement, M Cell Adherent, Disruption of microvilli structure-> malabsorption and diarrhea |
| EHEC STEC Epidemiology | Outbreaks (processed meat and vegetables), Large Intestine |
| EHEC STEC Symptoms | Hemorrhagic colitis, bloody diarrhea, Little or no fever, HUS |
| EHEC STEC Virulence factors | Pedestal formation, A |
| EHEC or STEC Pathogenesis | O157:H7, Disruption of microvilli structure-> malabsorption and diarrhea. Protein synthesis inhibited |
| EIEC Epidemiology | Food borne – Rare, Large Intestine |
| EIEC Symptoms | Severe inflammation, Fever, Mucus, blood, and PMNs |
| EIEC Virulence factors | Invasion plasmid, T3SS - actin rearrangement, Membrane ruffling |
| EIEC Pathogenesis | Formation of actin jet trail, Destruction of epithelial cells |
| ETEC Epidemiology | Travelers diarrhea, Small Intestine |
| ETEC Symptoms | Cholera-like, watery, No Fever or inflammation |
| ETEC Virulence factors | Colonization factors (CF), STa - cGMP increase, LT - cAMP increase |
| ETEC Pathogenesis | Impedes phagocytosis, Hyper secretion of fluids |
| EAEC Epidemiology | Travelers and infants in developing countries, Large |
| EAEC Symptoms | No Fever or inflammation watery Mucoid diarrhea Growth retardation |
| EAEC Virulence factors | Aggregative adherence fimbria (AAF) EAEC heat-stable enterotoxin (like STa) Plasmid encoded toxin (pet) |
| EAEC Pathogenesis | Staked bricks with shortening of microvilli, Exfoliation, Hyper secretion of fluids |
Created by:
splashgreen
Popular USMLE sets