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BioSci Lab 1/2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Taxon | group or level of organization into which organisms are classified |
Cells | Fundamental structural, functional, and reproductive units of life |
Levels of Organisation | - protoplasmic - cell - tissue - organ - organ system - multi-cellular organisms |
Taxonomy | Involves the scientific naming and grouping of organisms based on their position in their Kingdoms (Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia) |
Goals of Taxonomy | 1. sort out closely related organisms 2. grouping species into larger groups |
Hierarchical Model | Each group becomes more exclusive and more specific as you move from Kingdom to Species |
King | Kingdom |
Phillip | Phylum |
Came | Class |
Over | Order |
For | Family |
Ginger | Genus |
Snaps | Species |
Two characteristics that must be present in a group of animals for them to be considered their own species | 1. same species are capable of interpenetrating and fertile to produce offspring 2. reproductively isolated from other species |
Binomial Nomenclature | Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name (Genus and Species) |
Parts of a Cell | - cell membrane - nucleus - cytoplasm - endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - golgi apparatus - mitochondria |
Cell Membrane | Semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell |
Nucleus | A part of the cell containing DNA, also has semi-permeable membrane |
Cytoplasm | Cell fluid which holds organelles |
Endoplasmic Reticulum | Makes proteins (rough ER) and fats/steroids (smooth ER) |
Golgi Apparatus | Moves proteins/cell products through the cell, can release outside of the cell |
Mitochondria | Energy creation, there can be more than one |
Scientific Name | The name given to each species, consisting of its genus and its species label |
Genus and Species Name is Always... | Underlined or italicised |
Genus Name is Always... | Capitalised on the first letter |
Species Name is Always... | Lowercase |
All Living Things... | - eat - excrete - respire - osmoregulate - reproduce |
Cilia | Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion |
Commensalism (+/0) | Interaction that benefits one species, no effect on the other |
Eukrayote | A membrane-bound cell that has a nucleus and has organelles |
Flagella | Whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement |
Magnification | Increase in perceived size of diameter of an object |
MultiCellular | Organisms composed of many cells (animal/plant/fungi) |
Mutualism (+/+) | Interaction that benefits both species |
Objective | Objective lens |
Ocular | Eyepiece |
Parasitism (+/-) | One organism benefits and the other is harmed |
Phylum Amoebozoa | - use pseudopodia to feeding and locomotion - can be free-living or parasitic - AMOEBA |
Phylum Chorophyta | - one or more flagella - VOLVOX (colonial) |
Phylum Ciliophora | - have cilia - two types of nuclei: macro and micro - PARAMECIUM & STENTOR |
Phylum Euglenozoa | - move using flagella - 2 sub-phylums - parasitic |
Protists | - single celled - have organelles, no organs - protoplasmic level of organisation |
Protists can be in _____ relationships with other organisms | Symbotic |
Protists Definition | A single-celled organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles |
Pseudopodia | Temporary extension of the cytoplasm of an amoeboid cell for movement and feeding |
Resolution | Ability to tell 2 closely placed object apart |
Subphylum Euglenida | - two flagella with different structures - EUGLENA |
Subphylum Kinetoplasta | - one or two flagella - TRYPANOSOMA |
Total Magnification | Ocular x Objective |
Unicellular | A single celled organism (protists/bacteria) |