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Adv Funds Ch 28 Resp
2019 Respiratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Def : Alveoli (509) | terminal respiratory units |
| how many alveoli do we have | between 300million and 1 billion |
| where are alveoli located | in the lungs |
| what structure is beneath the lungs that causes enlargement of the thoracic cavity ? | diagphragm |
| when the _____muscle relaxes the thoracic cavity space is _______ and air is forced out of the lungs (509) | diaphragm, decreased |
| as air passes through the upper airway passages what happens to it ? | it is warmed and humidified |
| what channels air to and from the lungs ? | bronchi |
| what assists the cilia in cleansing foreign substance from the respiratory tract ? | mucuous membranes (509) |
| what do macrophages do when bacteria is inhaled ? | phagocytize it |
| what reflex works to expel secretions | cough |
| what controls respiration | CNS |
| where are chemoreceptors located ? | aorta and carotid arteries |
| What do chemoreceptors do ? | sense changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide and send signals to the brainstem |
| how much air moves during normal breathing | 500ml in and out |
| what transports oxygen | hemoglobin in red blood cells |
| what transports carbon dioxide | plasma portion of the brain |
| true or false : after age 55 there is decreased elasticity of the thorax and respiratory tissues | false the age is 70 |
| true or false : total body water decreases 25% after the age of 70 | false the water decrease is 50% after the age of 70 |
| def: anoxia | without oxygen |
| the most common cause of respiratory insufficiency is ? | airway obstruction |
| def: hypoxemia | decreased amount of oxygen in the blood |
| def: hypoxia | less oxygen available to meet cellular needs |
| def: dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| what environmental situation can cause hypoxia (Box 28.1) | high altitude |
| def: tachypnea | fast rate of breathing |
| what sign is this with regards to hypoxemia and respiratory insufficiency (early, later, latest): sits up to breathe | early |
| what sign is this with regards to hypoxemia and respiratory insufficiency (early, later, latest): pulse decreases | later |
| what sign is this with regards to hypoxemia and respiratory insufficiency (early, later, latest): stridor | later |
| what sign is this with regards to hypoxemia and respiratory insufficiency (early, later, latest): memory lapse | early |
| what sign is this with regards to hypoxemia and respiratory insufficiency (early, later, latest): cyanosis | latest |
| what sign is this with regards to hypoxemia and respiratory insufficiency (early, later, latest): muscle retractions | latest |
| what sign is this with regards to hypoxemia and respiratory insufficiency (early, later, latest): decreased blood pressure | later |
| what sign is this with regards to hypoxemia and respiratory insufficiency (early, later, latest): restlessness | early |
| how often should the site of a oximeter clip be rotate? | every 4 hours |
| what is the normal oximeter reading ? | 90-100% |
| what is the simplest method to clear air passages ? | cough effectively |
| def: cannula | tube for insertion into a cavity |
| what is the flow rate for a patient with COPD ? | two to three liters per minute |
| if a patient is receiving 2 liters of oxygen per minute what percent of oxygen are they receiving ? | 28% |
| what rate of oxygen via nasal cannula requires humidification ? | (p 523) 3L |
| what range in liters per minute of oxygen can be delivered through simple face masks ? | 6 to 12 |
| what rate of oxygen should be delivered to a patient who is on a non rebreather mask ? | enough to inflate the bag, usually in emergency 15L but can be lowered should be at 60-90% oxygen |
| what piece of equipment is used for oral suctioning ? | yankauer |
| the suction should be set at ___ to ____ mm Hg when using a yankauer ? | 80-120 |
| which technique should be sued for suctioning of airway structures ? | aseptic |
| how often should tracheostomy cuff pressure be checked ? | every 8 hours |
| what technique is mandatory when performing tracheostomy suctioning ? | sterile |
| what should be taped at the head of the bed for tracheostomy patients in case the trache tube becomes dislodged? | obturator |
Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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