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Pharm2 Chapter 39

QuestionAnswer
What are the two major toxic effects of Aminoglycosides Ototoxicity, and Nephrotoxicity
What should be monitored while a patient is on Aminoglycosides to prevent nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity Peak and through blood levels
What are some sysptoms of ototoxicity Dizziness, tinnitus, and hearing loss
What are some symptoms of nephrotoxicity Urinary casts, proteinuria, and increased BUN and serum creatinine levels
Nonspecific-cell mediated immunity produce T-cells, which produce Killer T-cells, and T-helper cells. They do not produce antibodies
Specific-humoral immune system produces B-cells, and T-cells
What is another name for Specific-humoral immune system Antibody mediated immunity
B-cells eventually become Plasma cells
Plasma cells produce Antibodies
What are your more prominent viral illnesses Smallpox, sore throat, conjunctivitis (pink eye), warts, influenza, respiratory infections, gastroenteritis, HIV/AIDS, herpes, and hepatitis
Who are more susceptible to frequent viral infections Cancer patients (leukemia, lymphoma), transplant patients, and AIDS patients
These don’t destroy, they inhibit replication Antiviral
These stimulate the bodies immune system to kill virions directly Interferons
HIV attacks what cells T-cells
Why are viruses difficult to eradicate b/c host cells are destroyed
These are used to treat infections caused by viruses other than HIV, such as herpes simplex, vericella, influenza, cytomegaly, hepatitis, RSV Antiviral agents
Used to treat infections caused by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS Antiretroviral agents
Herpes-Simplex Viruses (HSV-1) is what Oral herpes
Herpes-Simplex Viruses (HSV-2) is what Genital herpes
What is the name of an anti-herpesvirus agent Acyclovir (Zovirax)
What is the name of an anti-influenza agent Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
What side effects does Nonretroviral Amantadine (Symmetrel) have Insomnia, nervousness, lightheadedness, anorexia, and nausea
What nonretroviral is more effective and has fewer side effects than Amantadine (Symmetrel) Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
What medications are used to treat the Herpes Simplex Virus Acyclovir (zovirax), Valacyclovir (Valtrex), and Famciclovir
What is a topical treatment used for herpes Abrieva
What nonretroviral drug has a very cytotoxic effect and is used to treat Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
What is the name of the oral form of Ribavirin that is used to treat Hep. C Copegus, and Rebetol
What is that name of the inhalation for of Ribavirin that is used to treat RSV infections in hospitalized infants Virazole
What does ELISA stand for and what does is detect Stands for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and it is used to detect HIV exposure based on the presence of human antibodies to the virus in the blood.
How many stages are there of the HIV infection 5 stages
What are the stages Stage 1 Asymptomatic infection →1st few weeks to months after initial exposure Stage 2 Early, general symptoms of disease Stage 3 Highly symptomatic Stage 4 Progression to full blown AIDS Stage 5 Death
HAART Highly active antiretroviral therapy
These block activity of the enzyme reverse transcriptase, preventing production of new viral DNA Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
These inhibit the protease retroviral enzymes, preventing viral replication Protease Inhibitors
These inhibit viral fusion, preventing viral replication Fusion inhibitors
What Reverse transcriptase inhibitor is most commonly used Zidovudine (Retrovir)
What Fusion inhibitor is most commonly used Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
Do antiretroviral medication regimens change during the course of the illness Yes
Created by: cspearsall
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