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NC Biology Goal 4.1.
Relationship among DNA, proteins, and amino acids
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adenine (A) | a nitrogenous base of DNA and RNA |
| amino acids | monomer of protein, 20 found in nature , building blocks of protein, essential amino acids must be obtain from foods because the body cannot make them |
| cytosine (C) | a nitrogenous base of DNA and RNA |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, present in most living things, carries (stores) genetic information, made up of the nitrogenous bases of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine |
| guanine (G) | a nitrogenous base of DNA and RNA |
| hydrogen bonds | weak bonds that hold nitrogenous bases together. |
| nucleic acids | biochemical molecule made mostly of the elements C,H,O,N,P, function to store genetic information and to code for proteins |
| nucleotides | monomer of nucleic acid, three subunits-phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base, DNA-double helix, A,T,C,G, RNA-single strand, A,U,C,G |
| nitrogenous bases | make the rungs of the DNA (ladder) double helix, part of RNA that complementary pairs with DNA to carry the code for protein synthesis |
| phosphate-sugar groups | the sides (handrails) of the DNA the (spine) of RNA |
| protein synthesis | to make proteins, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA - occurs in the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
| thymine (T) | a nitrogenous base of DNA |
| transcription | the converting of RNA codons to amino acids occurs in the cytoplasm |
| translation | the writing (synthesis) of mRNA occurs in the nucleus |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, transcription, translation, , creates code for protein synthesis, single strand, smaller than DNA, enters and exits the nucleus |
| uracil (U) | a nitrogenous base of RNA |
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mrvickers