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GIS 151
Terms from GIS 151
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Representation | the description or portrayal of someone or something in a particular way or as being of a certain nature. |
| Cognitive ( mental ) Maps | a mental representation of one's physical environment. |
| Cartographic maps | graphic representation of the environment. The geometry or space of the map is distorted, sometimes extremely, in order to convey the information of this alternate variable. |
| Cardinal directions | "Cardinal Directions are the most commonly used forms of direction. and include North, South, East and West" |
| Absolute and relative location | Actual location of an item compared to saying that a thing is south of a point. Using some thing else as a reference and describing that reference. |
| Geometric reference framework | "A framework on which you can easily describe and determine location, distances, directions and other geographic relationships" |
| Euclidean geometry | "Geometry you learned in elementary and high school, parallel lines never cross, the shortest distance is a strait line. " |
| Mapness | 1 Vertical or oblique views of the environment. 2 reduced scale. 3 have a map projection surface. 4 Are generalized. 5 Are symbolized |
| Topographic map | Shows elevation or landforms as well as a limited set of other features. |
| Orthophoto map | Corrected to a constant scale on a map projection surface. |
| Aerial map | or areal photo |
| Reference map | Have geographic references or the locations of different features rather than maps with a certain theme |
| Thematic map | Emphasize spatial variation of one or a small number of geographic distributions. These distributions may be physical phenomena such as climate or human characteristics such as population density |
| Navigation charts | Used for air and water way reference. |
| Propaganda maps | Are designed to be particularly persuasive like those of the war time s |
| Persuasive maps | are generated to get you to do or buy some thing in particular to persuade you to make a certain decision |
| Cartogram | " The geometry or space of the map is distorted, sometimes extremely, in order to convey the information of this alternate variable." |
| Choropleth map | "a map that uses differences in shading, coloring, or the placing of symbols within predefined areas to indicate the average values of a property or quantity in those areas." |
| Graticule | "a network of lines representing meridians and parallels, on which a map or plan can be represented." |
| Parallels | Run around the globe east to west equally spaced |
| Meridians | Lines running north/south equally spaced at the equator |
| Prime Meridian | Divides the east from the west and runs through Grenich England 0 or 360 deg. |
| Latitude | Measures of degrees from the equator. 0-90 Lat it always first 96.2 miles |
| Longitude | Measures of degrees from the prime meridian. 0-360 and 0-180e or 180w also 96.2 at the equator and 49.93 miles at the 45 deg |
| Geoid | "the hypothetical shape of the earth, coinciding with mean sea level and its imagined extension under (or over) land areas." |
| Geographic coordinate system (GCS) | Are based on the idea that the earth is a sphere note an oblate ellipsoind. Used for small scale and world maps. |
| Decimal degrees | DMS 65° 32' 15“ 1) Set aside the degree (65) 2) Divide the minutes by 60 ( 60 minutes in one degree) 32/60 = .533333 3) Divide the seconds by 3600 (3600 seconds in one degree) 15/3600 = .004167 4) Add the two decimal numbers (.5375) 5)Add this to the |
| Oblate ellipsoid | "Oblate spheroid, Gravitational pull, Equatorial bulge, " |
| Datum | A system of control points specified by an ellipsoid. Most 7.5 min Topo use North American Datum NAD 27 and NAD 83 based on Clark Elipsoid 1866 |
| "Components of degrees, minutes, seconds" | 1° can be divided into 60 minutes each min of lat is about 1.15 miles |
| Eratosthenes | Was the man who measured the size of he earth. |
| Planar coordinates | used to assighn to a specific place not just an area. So you can calculate distance between them. |
| Cartesian coordinates | numbers which indicate the location of a point relative to a fixed reference point (the origin) being its shortest (perpendicular) distances from two fixed axes used as x y acis and origin |
| Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) | The National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) special grid for military use called the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) |
| Easting and false easting | False easting is a linear value applied to the origin of the x coordinates. False northing is a linear value applied to the origin of the y coordinates. False easting and northing values are usually applied to ensure that all x and y values are positive. |
| State Plane Coordinate System (SPC) | 1930’s to better define property boundaries Accurate 4 time UTM Uses small focused “zones” Ignores the curvature of the Earth assumes Earth's surface is a flat plane |
Created by:
shawn_schneider
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