click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Chapter 4
Study Activities for Principles of Disease MCB2010
Question | Answer |
---|---|
_____ harbor pathogens and can transmit them to others, but do not show any signs of the disease. | Carriers |
What is the term used for the cause of a disease? | Etiology |
Damage to the host ______ _______ is the most common mode of action of toxins. | Cell Membrane |
A _______ infection is a systemic infection which then infects a specific portion of the body. | Focal |
Objective changes in body function such as fever or paralysis are known as _____. | Signs |
What is another name for a capsule? | Glycocalyx |
A _______ infection is limited to a small area of the host's body. | Local |
The term used for toxins that are produced by bacteria and secreted into the surrounding environment. | Exotoxins |
______ is an exoenzyme which breaks down the polysaccharide "cement" which holds cells of connective tissue together. | Hyaluronidase |
This type of exotoxin affects the lining of the GI tract. | Entertotoxin |
Most exotoxins are produced by gram _____ bacteria and are found on _______. | Positive; plasmids |
______ is an exoenzyme which causes clotting of blood. | Coagulase |
What is another name for a ligand on the surface of a pathogen that allows it to bind to receptors on the host cell tissue? | Adhesin |
Which type of bacterial cell contains endotoxin? (+) or (-) | Gram (-) |
For endotoxins to produce fever, the steps begin with gram (-) bacteria being engulfed by phagocytes. Phagocytes produce _______ which travels to the _______ via the bloodstream and the subsequent release of _______ produces fever. | Interleukin-1; Hypothalamus; Prostaglandins |
Chicken pox, measles and tuberculosis are all examples of _____ diseases, those that are spread from person to person. | Communicable |
_____ is the presence of bacteria in the blood. | Bacteremia |
_____ ______ was the bacterium that Koch used to formulate his postulates. | Bacillus anthracis |
_______ flora are the microbes which have permanent residence and do not normally cause disease. | Normal |
Which type of bacterial cell produces most of the known exotoxins? (+) or (-) | Gram (+) |
Chicken pox and measles are both examples of _____ diseases, those that are very easily spread from person to person. | Contagious |
The fraction of the population that contracts the disease over a period of time. | Incidence |
_____ diseases infect large numbers of people in a short period of time. | Epidemic |
_____ contact transmission involves fomites. | Indirect |
A _______ infection is one which shows no symptoms or signs. | Subclinical |
This type of exotoxin interferes with the transmission of a nerve impulse. | Neurotoxin |
Subjective changes in body function are known as ______. | Symptoms |
_____ diseases develop slowly and either persist or recur. | Chronic |
_____ are animals that transmit the pathogen from one host to another. | Vectors |
Give 2 examples of zoonotic diseases. | Rabies |
Is it passive or biological transmission that involves a vector passing a pathogen on the external body of the insect? | Passive |
Worldwide infections are known as ______. | Pandemic |
This type of exotoxin kills cells or alters their function. | Cytotoxin |
A change in health that results from an infection is known as _______. | Disease |
The fraction of the population that has the disease at a particular point in time. | Prevalence |
A _______ infection is an acute infection that causes the disease. | Primary |
What is the term for when a microorganism invades the body? | Infection |
______ is an exoenzyme which dissolves blood clots. | Kinases |
What part of the lipopolysaccharide of gram (-) cell walls is known as endotoxin? | Lipid A |
What does LD50 stand for? | Lethal Dose 50 |
_____ diseases are always present in the population. | Endemic |
A _____ is a non-living object which transmits the disease to another person. | Fomite |
A _______ infection is spread throughout the body. | Systemic |
What is the term for the manner in which a disease develops? | Pathogenesis |
_____ is the presence of toxin in the blood. | Toxemia |
_____ transmission is a type of vehicle transmission involving release of the pathogen during something such as a sneeze. | Droplet |
_____ is the presence of a viral infection in the blood. | Viremia |
Vectors which can replicate the pathogen inside their bodies utilize _____ transmission. | Biological |
_______ pathogens are normally not pathogenic but will cause disease if the host is compromised in some way. | Opportunistic |
What are two exceptions to Koch's postulates? | Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum |
A _______ infection is caused by an opportunistic pathogen. | Secondary |
______ infections are those acquired while in the hospital. | Nosocomial |
Capsules interfere with host immune system cells and inhibit _______. | Phagocytosis |
Name 2 diseases that are known to be non-communicable. | Tetanus and anthrax |
______ is an exoenzyme which breaks down a major protein found in connective tissue. | Collagenase |
_____ are diseases that normally occur in animals other than humans but can be transmitted to humans. | Zoonoses |
What percentage of hospital patients acquire some type of nosocomial infection? | 5% |
What does ID50 stand for? | Infectious Dose 50 |
What are the two major types of bacteria which are the cause of nosocomial infections now? | E. coli and P. aeruginosa |
_____ diseases only occur infrequently in the population. | Sporadic |
_____ is growth and multiplication of bacteria in the blood. | Septicemia |
_______ microbes are present for only a period of time and then disappear. | Transient |
The method to transmit disease which involves touching or sexual intercourse is known as _____. | Direct Contact Transmission |
_____ diseases develop rapidly and do not last very long. | Acute |
A ______ is a set of symptoms and signs associated with a particular disease. | Syndrome |
______ is an exoenzyme which digests the protective coating on mucous membranes. | Mucinase |