Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Chapter 4
Study Activities for Principles of Disease MCB2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _____ harbor pathogens and can transmit them to others, but do not show any signs of the disease. | Carriers |
| What is the term used for the cause of a disease? | Etiology |
| Damage to the host ______ _______ is the most common mode of action of toxins. | Cell Membrane |
| A _______ infection is a systemic infection which then infects a specific portion of the body. | Focal |
| Objective changes in body function such as fever or paralysis are known as _____. | Signs |
| What is another name for a capsule? | Glycocalyx |
| A _______ infection is limited to a small area of the host's body. | Local |
| The term used for toxins that are produced by bacteria and secreted into the surrounding environment. | Exotoxins |
| ______ is an exoenzyme which breaks down the polysaccharide "cement" which holds cells of connective tissue together. | Hyaluronidase |
| This type of exotoxin affects the lining of the GI tract. | Entertotoxin |
| Most exotoxins are produced by gram _____ bacteria and are found on _______. | Positive; plasmids |
| ______ is an exoenzyme which causes clotting of blood. | Coagulase |
| What is another name for a ligand on the surface of a pathogen that allows it to bind to receptors on the host cell tissue? | Adhesin |
| Which type of bacterial cell contains endotoxin? (+) or (-) | Gram (-) |
| For endotoxins to produce fever, the steps begin with gram (-) bacteria being engulfed by phagocytes. Phagocytes produce _______ which travels to the _______ via the bloodstream and the subsequent release of _______ produces fever. | Interleukin-1; Hypothalamus; Prostaglandins |
| Chicken pox, measles and tuberculosis are all examples of _____ diseases, those that are spread from person to person. | Communicable |
| _____ is the presence of bacteria in the blood. | Bacteremia |
| _____ ______ was the bacterium that Koch used to formulate his postulates. | Bacillus anthracis |
| _______ flora are the microbes which have permanent residence and do not normally cause disease. | Normal |
| Which type of bacterial cell produces most of the known exotoxins? (+) or (-) | Gram (+) |
| Chicken pox and measles are both examples of _____ diseases, those that are very easily spread from person to person. | Contagious |
| The fraction of the population that contracts the disease over a period of time. | Incidence |
| _____ diseases infect large numbers of people in a short period of time. | Epidemic |
| _____ contact transmission involves fomites. | Indirect |
| A _______ infection is one which shows no symptoms or signs. | Subclinical |
| This type of exotoxin interferes with the transmission of a nerve impulse. | Neurotoxin |
| Subjective changes in body function are known as ______. | Symptoms |
| _____ diseases develop slowly and either persist or recur. | Chronic |
| _____ are animals that transmit the pathogen from one host to another. | Vectors |
| Give 2 examples of zoonotic diseases. | Rabies |
| Is it passive or biological transmission that involves a vector passing a pathogen on the external body of the insect? | Passive |
| Worldwide infections are known as ______. | Pandemic |
| This type of exotoxin kills cells or alters their function. | Cytotoxin |
| A change in health that results from an infection is known as _______. | Disease |
| The fraction of the population that has the disease at a particular point in time. | Prevalence |
| A _______ infection is an acute infection that causes the disease. | Primary |
| What is the term for when a microorganism invades the body? | Infection |
| ______ is an exoenzyme which dissolves blood clots. | Kinases |
| What part of the lipopolysaccharide of gram (-) cell walls is known as endotoxin? | Lipid A |
| What does LD50 stand for? | Lethal Dose 50 |
| _____ diseases are always present in the population. | Endemic |
| A _____ is a non-living object which transmits the disease to another person. | Fomite |
| A _______ infection is spread throughout the body. | Systemic |
| What is the term for the manner in which a disease develops? | Pathogenesis |
| _____ is the presence of toxin in the blood. | Toxemia |
| _____ transmission is a type of vehicle transmission involving release of the pathogen during something such as a sneeze. | Droplet |
| _____ is the presence of a viral infection in the blood. | Viremia |
| Vectors which can replicate the pathogen inside their bodies utilize _____ transmission. | Biological |
| _______ pathogens are normally not pathogenic but will cause disease if the host is compromised in some way. | Opportunistic |
| What are two exceptions to Koch's postulates? | Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum |
| A _______ infection is caused by an opportunistic pathogen. | Secondary |
| ______ infections are those acquired while in the hospital. | Nosocomial |
| Capsules interfere with host immune system cells and inhibit _______. | Phagocytosis |
| Name 2 diseases that are known to be non-communicable. | Tetanus and anthrax |
| ______ is an exoenzyme which breaks down a major protein found in connective tissue. | Collagenase |
| _____ are diseases that normally occur in animals other than humans but can be transmitted to humans. | Zoonoses |
| What percentage of hospital patients acquire some type of nosocomial infection? | 5% |
| What does ID50 stand for? | Infectious Dose 50 |
| What are the two major types of bacteria which are the cause of nosocomial infections now? | E. coli and P. aeruginosa |
| _____ diseases only occur infrequently in the population. | Sporadic |
| _____ is growth and multiplication of bacteria in the blood. | Septicemia |
| _______ microbes are present for only a period of time and then disappear. | Transient |
| The method to transmit disease which involves touching or sexual intercourse is known as _____. | Direct Contact Transmission |
| _____ diseases develop rapidly and do not last very long. | Acute |
| A ______ is a set of symptoms and signs associated with a particular disease. | Syndrome |
| ______ is an exoenzyme which digests the protective coating on mucous membranes. | Mucinase |
Created by:
mikec35-pbsc