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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chromosome | Structure made up of DNA and proteins |
| sex chromosome | Chromosome associated with an individual's sex |
| autosome | a non-sex chromosome |
| unreplicated chromosome | A chromosome that consist of one double helical molecule of DNA packaged with proteins |
| replicated chromosome | A chromosome that has been copied |
| sister chromatid | the two identical chromatid copies in a replicated chromosome |
| homologous chromosome | in a diploid organism, chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and gene content |
| non-sister chromatids | Chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes |
| bivalent | Homologous replicated chromosomes that are joined together during prophase 1 and metaphase 1 of meiosis |
| Haploid number | the number of different types of chromosomes in a cell |
| diploid number | the number of chromosomes present in a diploid cell |
| ploidy | the number of each of chromosomes present |
| haploid | having one of each type of chromosomes |
| diploid | having two of each type of chromosomes |
| polyploid | having more than two of each types of chromosomes |
| mitosis phases | interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and the cell division ends |
| meiosis phases | interphase, early prophase 1, late prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1 and cytokinesis, prophase 11, metaphase 11, anaphase 11, and telophase and cytokinesis. |