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Cell Processes
Cell Processes & Biomolecules
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biomolecules | A molecule that is produced by living things. |
| Carbohydrate | A biomolecule composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen in a 2:1 ratio. |
| Lipid | A member of a diverse group of biomolecules that are hydrophobic and include fats, oils, waxes, and other molecules. |
| Protein | A biomolecule made of one or more amino acid polymers folded into a complex structure that performs a specific function. |
| Organic | Containing the element carbon. |
| Nucleic Acid | A nucleotide polymer capable of storing and transferring genetic information. |
| Enzyme | Proteins that can change the rates of specific reactions. |
| Fatty Acids | An energy-containing biomolecule composed of a carboxylic acid attached to a long hydrocarbon chain. |
| Amino Acid | A molecule containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and a side chain that is specific to each type of amino acid. |
| Polymer | A large molecule formed by the bonding of smaller molecular units. |
| Monomer | A single molecule that can be combined with other molecules of the same type to form a more complex molecule. |
| Homeostasis | The tendency for a system to maintain relatively constant internal conditions |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; does not require energy. The particles will continue to move until they are evenly dispersed. |
| Osmosis | The movement of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration to equalize the solute concentration on both sides of the membrane. |
| Active Transport | The movement of a substance across the membrane that requires the use of energy; moves against the concentration gradient. |
| Protein | A biomolecule made of one or more amino acid polymers folded into a complex structure that performs a specific function. |
| Passive Transport | Movement across a cell membrane without using energy. |
| Semipermeable (selectively permeable) | Allowing only some materials to pass through a membrane. |
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