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Meteorology 4th Exam
Notes and information for the fourth exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a front? | a boundary separating air of markedly different density |
| What are some important factors in density? | temperature and moisture content |
| When Air of different density collides, what does the less dense air do? | it moves up and over the denser air. |
| What are the four types of fronts? | Cold, Warm, Stationary, Occluded |
| Does warm air rise over cool air? | yes |
| is warm air denser than cold air? | no. |
| What is a warm front? | when warmer air advances into an area previosly occupied by retreating cooler air. |
| What may warm fronts bring with them? | light/moderate precipitation on the COOL side of the front. |
| What kind of clouds form with warm fronts? | stratusform clouds |
| what is the average speed of a warm front? | 15-20 mph |
| what is the slope that warm fronts move over cold fronts with? | 1:200 |
| What is a cold front? | Cooler air advancing into an area once occupied by warmer air |
| What is the slope that cold fronts move under warm fronts with? | 1:100 |
| What kind of clouds form with cold fronts? | cumulus form clouds |
| Does heavier precipitation fall with warm or cold fronts? | cold. |
| How fast does a cold front move? | 25-30 mph |
| What is a stationary front? | neither the cold or warm air are advancing or retreating. |
| What does a stationary front look like on a map? | alternating triangles and semicircles on either side of a line. u^u^u^ |
| What type of front is associated with flood risk? | stationary front |
| What is an occluded front? | forms as cold fronts catches up to and merges with a warm front. |
| What does an occluded front look like on a map? | alternating triangles and semicircles on the same side of a line. uvuvuvuv |
| If a mid latitude cyclone is a fire, what is the gasoline? | a front. |
| if a midlatitude cyclone is a fire, what is the match? | area of upper level wind divergence passing over the front. |
| What is a mid latitude storm? | a low pressure system |
| what direction do mid latitude storms slant with height? | they slant to the west the higher you are looking. |
| What do mid latitude storms form when they weaken? | occluded fronts |
| Why do mid latitude storms become occluded fronts? | cold fronts move faster, pushing the warm air further away |
| What is the triple point? | where the warm, cold, and occluded fronts come together |
| In the short term, what will a low pressure system move towards? | area of greatest pressure falls |
| in the long term, what will a low pressure system move towards? | it is steered by winds in the mid troposphere (500 mb) level |
| Under what conditions do thunderstorms form? | A very thick, unstable or conditionally unstable layer |
| What are the three stages of a typical thunderstorm? | The cumulus stage, the mature stage, the dissipating stage |
| What does the cumulus stage include? | the updraft. |
| what does the mature stage include? | the updraft and the downdraft. |
| What does the dissipating stage include? | the downdraft only. |
| What is the average lifespan of a regular thunderstorm? | about an hour. |
| What is lightning? | id is the discharge of static electricity produced by separation of electric charge. |
| The top part of a cumulonimbus cloud has what charge? | positive. |
| The bottom part of a cumulonimbus cloud has what charge? | negative. |
| What is the Precipitation Theory of Charge Separation? | Upon collision, smaller ice crystals take on the net positive charge and larger ice pellets, a net negative charge. |
| Why do smaller ice particles have a positive charge? | because they are smaller and more towards the top of the cloud |
| Why do larger ice pellets have a negative charge? | they are larger and tend to settle towards the bottom of the cloud which has a net negative charge. |
| What are the four types of lightning? | Intracloud, cloud to ground, intercloud, and positive flash. |
| What is intracloud lightning? | (79%) when lightning occurs within the cloud itself. |
| What is Cloud to Ground lightning? | (15%) Duh. From the cloud, to the ground. |
| How does Cloud to ground lightning occur? | There is a discharge positive charge at the base of the cloud (pilot leader). Then a string of neg charged segments approach the ground (step leaders). Then a positive streamer comes up from the ground, and once a channel is made, there is a return strok |
| What is intercloud lightning? | (5%) from one cloud to another. |
| What is positive flash? | lightning from the positive top of a cloud to the negative part of the ground. |
| Who is that guy who got struck seven times? | Roy "dooms" sullivan. |
| To what temperature does the lightening heat the air? | 30,000 degrees F |
| How is thunder formed? | lightning heats the air rapidly causing it to expand, which makes pressure that propagates outward making waves that we hear as sound. |
| What makes a Thunderstorm severe? | Wind gusts greater than 58mph, hail bigger than 3/4 inches in diameter, and a tornado |
| What is the most important factor in getting a thunderstorm to become severe? | strong wind shear. |
| What is a microburst? | intense, localized region of downward moving air. |
| What are three ways microbursts form? | dramatic cooling caused by rain evaporating beneath cloud, dramatic cooling caused by entrainment of drier air into sides of cloud, and rain pulling down air. |
| What is Entrainment? | mixing of air masses |
| How does hail form? | when ice crystals remain in a cloud for an extended period of time. |
| How does ice grow? | When it becomes a freezing nuclei, it gets bigger because super-cooled water bonds with it to make it bigger. |
| A stronger updraft causes... | larger hail!! |
| What does the inside of a hail stone look like? | Alternating layers of clear and milky ice. |
| Why does some ice look milky? | milky has more trapped air |
| The faster ice freezes, the more... | trapped air there is |
| Why does milky ice form with colder temperatures? | because the colder it is, the faster it will freeze, trapping more air. |
| If there are too many supercooled drops in the cloud, what happens to the freezing process? | it slows down because there is too much competition for the freezing nuclei |
| Is hail reflective on radar? | SUPER reflective |
| what is TT? | it is the T(at 850mb) + Td(at 850mb) - T(at 500) |
| if the TT is greater than forty five, what happens? | a Thunderstorm is Possible |
| if the TT is greater than fifty two, what happens? | a Severe Thunderstorm is possible |
| What is a severe thunderstorm watch? | the conditions are favorable (oklahoma) |
| What is a severe thunderstorm warning? | one has been spotted (local) |
Created by:
akfehr
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