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Final Shelleys

9-12

Question	Answer
Because of the Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the ________ of their path of motion in the Northern Hemisphere.	Right
The ________ Ocean is largest.	Pacific
Longshore sand transport and longshore currents depend on waves impinging parallel to a shoreline.	False
Waves in the open ocean are called waves of oscillation.	True
The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is termed the ________.	continental shelf
A poleward-moving ocean current is considered a warm current.	True
Turbidites and siliceous oozes are both biogenous sediments.	False
The zigzag movement of sand grains along a beach is ________.	both caused by obliquely breaking waves and called beach drift
The movement of sand parallel to the shore ________.	all of these
Black smokers" are associated with ________.	all of these
Manganese nodules do not accumulate below 4500 meters depth because the manganese minerals are highly soluble in seawater below that depth.	False
The surface waters in regions where evaporation rates are high, such as the Red Sea, have higher than average salinities.	true
________ is a strong, parallel alignment of different mineral bands in a metamorphic rock.	Foliation
The ________ marks the transition between the warm surface layer and the deep zone of cold water in the oceans.	thermocline
The crests of mid-oceanic ridges ________.	contain active rift zones
A ________ is an isolated remnant of bedrock standing above a wave-cut platform.	sea stack
The horizontal distance separating successive wave crests is called the wave period.	false
Fetch is ________.	none of these
Submarine canyons found on the continental slope and are believed to have been created ________.	none of these
The continental rise is located ________.	between an abyssal plain and continental slope
One result of wave refraction is that wave energy is concentrated ________.	on headlands projecting into the water
A baymouth bar is a man-made feature designed to control wave erosion.	false
An echo sounder operates by measuring the time required for a ________.	sound pulse travels from a ship to the seafloor and back
Manganese nodules are an example of ________.	hydrogenous sediment
Which of the following is NOT true of deep ocean trenches?	they are geologically very stable
How can crashing, collapsing, storm waves generate explosive forces and stresses on rocky outcrops and manmade structures?	pressurized water and compressed air are driven into cracks and fissures
Sediments derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents are called ________.	terrigenous sediment
Concerning the distribution of land and water, which of the following statements is true?	the Southern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Northern Hemisphere
The addition of sand to a beach has proven to be an economical solution to beach erosion problems.	False
The Coriolis effect is greatest at high latitudes and diminishes toward the equator.	True
Longshore sand transport and longshore currents depend on waves impinging parallel to a shoreline.	False
The movement of sand parallel to the shore ________.	all of these
The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed ________.	longshore current
A poleward-moving ocean current is considered a warm current.	True
The ________ Ocean is largest.	Pacific
Which of the following is associated with ocean ridges?	all of these
Which one of the following would you NOT associate with turbidity currents?	formation of seamounts
Which one of the following is NOT part of the continental margin?	continental trench
The Gulf Coast lacks barrier islands.	False
Which one of the following is a landform created by wave erosion?	sea arch
Although the Sun influences the tides, its effect is considerably less than the effect of the Moon.	True
Manganese nodules do not accumulate below 4500 meters depth because the manganese minerals are highly soluble in seawater below that depth.	False
Submarine canyons form the deepest parts of the ocean basins.	false
Turbidites and siliceous oozes are both biogenous sediments.	false
Abyssal plains with sediments covering the seafloor igneous rocks are more extensive in the central Pacific basin than in the North Atlantic.	false
Sand, silt, and clays deposited on the ocean floor are described as terrigenous sediments.	True
Seafloor hot springs occur mainly in oceanic, abyssal plains.	false
A baymouth bar is a man-made feature designed to control wave erosion.	false
Fetch is ________.	none of these
The ________ marks the transition between the warm surface layer and the deep zone of cold water in the oceans.	thermocline
An echo sounder operates by measuring the time required for a ________.	sound pulse travels from a ship to the seafloor and back
The presence of which one of the following would indicate that the land had been uplifted or that sea level had fallen?	elevated marine terrace
An isolated remnant of wave erosion is a ________.	sea stack
The west coast of South America and the east coast of North America have very different continental margins.	True
A sand bar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean is a ________.	none of these
The turbulent water created by breaking waves is called surf.	true
Which ocean has the greatest average depth?	Pacific
Which of the following is correct regarding a wave in the open ocean?	none of these
A ________ is an isolated remnant of bedrock standing above a wave-cut platform.	sea stack
The Atlantic and Pacific basins have oceanic ridges; the Indian Ocean has no oceanic ridge.	false
Which one of the following is NOT part of the continental margin?	continental trench
Manganese nodules do not accumulate below 4500 meters depth because the manganese minerals are highly soluble in seawater below that depth.	False
Abyssal plains with sediments covering the seafloor igneous rocks are more extensive in the central Pacific basin than in the North Atlantic.	False
The oceans cover approximately ________ percent of Earth's surface.	70
Which one of the following salts is most abundant in seawater?	sodium chloride
Erosional retreat of a ________ leads to enlargement and extension of a wave-cut platform in the inland direction.	wave-cut cliff
Which one of the following would most likely be covered with thick turbidite layers?	deep-sea fan at the base of a continental slope
The movement of sand parallel to the shore ________.	all of these
Tidal flats are submerged during ebb tide.	False
The largest daily tidal range occurs in association with spring tides.	True
When waves reach shallow water, they are often bent and tend to become parallel to the shore. This process is termed ________.	refraction
One result of wave refraction is that wave energy is concentrated ________.	on headlands projecting into the water
A sand ridge connecting an island to the mainland or to another island is a ________.	tombolo
Which one of the following structures is built to protect boats from large breaking waves?	breakwater
Concerning the distribution of land and water, which of the following statements is true?	the Southern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Northern Hemisphere
The continental rise lies at the bottom of the continental slope.	True
The ________ Ocean has more extensive abyssal plains than the Pacific Ocean because it has fewer trenches to trap sediments moving down the continental slope.	Atlantic
Manganese nodules are an example of ________.	hydrogenous sediment
The turbulent water created by breaking waves is called surf.	True
The surface waters in regions where evaporation rates are high, such as the Red Sea, have higher than average salinities.	True
A poleward-moving ocean current is ________.	warm
A baymouth bar is a man-made feature designed to control wave erosion.	False
A sand bar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean is a ________.	none of these
Fetch is ________.	none of these
Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are ________.	all of these
The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed ________.	longshore current
Sediments derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents are called ________.	terrigenous sediment
A ridge of sand projecting into a bay and often having a hooked end is a ________.	spit
The ________ Ocean is largest.	Pacific
Waves begin to "feel bottom" when the depth of water is ________.	equal to one-half the wavelength
The annual range of temperature may be described as the difference between ________.	the average temperatures of the warmest and coldest months
The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen.	True
The tropopause is the boundary between ________	the troposphere and stratosphere
Annual temperature range decreases with an increase in latitude.	true
Which one of the gases listed below is more important meteorologically (that is, is more important in weather processes) than the others?	carbon dioxide
The longest wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are ________.	radio
At noon on February 21, the Sun is overhead ________.	at some point between the Tropic of Capricorn and the equator, heading northward
In the Southern Hemisphere, warm currents cause isotherms to be deflected toward the South Pole.	True
The storage of heat in the lower layer of the atmosphere produced by certain heat absorbing gases is called the ________.	greenhouse effect
With which of the following is dust in the atmosphere associated?	all of these
By adding the daily maximum and minimum temperatures and then dividing by two, the daily range is calculated.	False
Fairbanks, Alaska has more hours of daylight in June than Miami, Florida.	true
The higher the temperature of a radiating body, the longer the wavelengths of maximum radiation.	false
On this date the length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator.	December 21
The annual temperature range at most latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere is much smaller than that in the Northern Hemisphere. The reason for this is that ________.	there is a greater percentage of water surface in the Southern Hemisphere
This process involves the movement of a mass or substance.	all of these
On the AVERAGE, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature ________.	drops about 6.5C
A molecule of ozone contains two atoms of oxygen and one atom of nitrogen.	False
The two most important heat absorbing gases in the lower atmosphere are ________.	water vapor and carbon dioxide
Weather and climate are synonymous terms	false
Air may best be described as ________.	a mixture
The wavelengths of radiation emitted by Earth from the heating of the earth's surface by short wave radiation from the sun are ________.	longer than those emitted by the Sun
New York City has its greatest length of daylight on ________.	June 21
The triatomic form of oxygen (O3) is known as ________.	ozone
Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols.	True
On the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by Earth is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds?	20%
The seasonal shift of isotherms is greater over the continents than over the ocean.	true
A very important control of the DAILY range of temperature is ________.	the amount of water vapor in the air
Ozone is concentrated in the ________.	stratosphere
If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26EC and the minimum temperature is 14EC, the daily mean would be ________.	20C
On this date the length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator.	December 21
Weather and climate are synonymous terms	false
Which one of the following statements is true about the equinoxes?	days and nights are equal in length everywhere
The annual temperature range at most latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere is much smaller than that in the Northern Hemisphere. The reason for this is that ________.	there is a greater percentage of water surface in the Southern Hemisphere
New York City has its greatest length of daylight on ________.	June 21
Visible wavelengths make up about one-half of the electromagnetic spectrum.	False
Distance variations between Earth and the Sun are very important in understanding seasonal temperature variations.	False
The fall equinox in the Southern Hemisphere occurs on this date.	March 21
If it were not for the inclination of Earth's axis, there would be no well-defined seasons.	True
In the middle and high latitudes, annual temperature range increases with an increase in continentality.	True
This process involves the movement of a mass or substance.	conduction
On the AVERAGE, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature ________	drops about 6.5C
On the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by Earth is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds?	20%
The North Pole has a higher noon Sun angle than New York City on this date	none of these
The tropopause is the boundary between ________	the troposphere and stratosphere
The storage of heat in the lower layer of the atmosphere produced by certain heat absorbing gases is called the ________.	greenhouse effect
A place located along a windward coast will probably have ________.	cooler summer temperatures than an inland location at the same latitude
A molecule of ozone contains two atoms of oxygen and one atom of nitrogen.	False
The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the ________.	troposphere
The 90 angle solar rays are striking the Tropic of Capricorn on ________.	December 21
Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols.	True
Ozone is concentrated in the ________.	stratosphere
Which one of the gases listed below is more important meteorologically (that is, is more important in weather processes) than the others?	carbon dioxide
Earth's atmosphere ends quite abruptly at an altitude of 40 kilometers.	False
The normal lapse rate is -6.5C per kilometer.	True
The seasonal shift of isotherms is greater over the continents than over the ocean.	True
Practically all clouds and storms occur in this layer of the atmosphere.	Stratosphere
The spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on ________.	March 21
Air is a mixture.	True
The North Pole has a higher noon Sun angle than New York City on this date.	none of these
At noon on February 21, the Sun is overhead ________.	at some point between the Tropic of Capricorn and the equator, heading northward
On the AVERAGE, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature ________.	drops about 6.5C
With which of the following is dust in the atmosphere associated?	all of these
Which one of the gases listed below is more important meteorologically (that is, is more important in weather processes) than the others?	carbon dioxide
The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the ________.	troposphere
Weather and climate are synonymous terms	False
Ozone filters out most of the ________ radiation in sunlight.	ultraviolet
Which one of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?	nitrogen
Isotherms are more irregular in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere	False
The atmosphere is heated chiefly by radiation emitted by the Earth's surface that is heated by the sun..	True
Snow-covered surfaces have a low albedo.	False
f the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26C and the minimum temperature is 14C, the daily range would be ________.	12>C
The 90 angle solar rays are striking the Tropic of Cancer on ________.	June 21
Ozone filters out most of the infrared radiation in sunlight.	False
Visible wavelengths make up about one-half of the electromagnetic spectrum.	False
In the middle and high latitudes, annual temperature range increases with an increase in continentality.	True
The normal lapse rate in the troposphere is about ________ per kilometer.	6.5C
Earth receives energy from the Sun in this way.	radiation
Fairbanks, Alaska has more hours of daylight in June than Miami, Florida.	True
Ozone is concentrated in the mesosphere.	False
Fifty percent of the gases making up the atmosphere are found below ________.	3 ½ miles (5.6 km)
On this date the length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator.	December 21
If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26EC and the minimum temperature is 14EC, the daily mean would be ________.	20C
The summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on this date.	June 21
This process involves the movement of a mass or substance.	conduction
If it were not for the inclination of Earth's axis, there would be no well-defined seasons.	True
Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols.	True
What is the relative humidity for the above conditions at 25 C?(relative humidity = water vapor content / by maximum grams water vapor capacity at a given temperature)	70%
Orographic lifting occurs where sloping terrains, such as mountains, act as barriers to the flow of air.	True
This term is used to describe clouds that produce precipitation.	nimbo
The cloud form that is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky is termed ________.	stratus
This cloud type is confined to the middle height range	altostratus
This cloud sometimes produces "mare's tails."	cirrus
Which of the following would NOT be associated with stable atmospheric conditions?	afternoon thunder showers
The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed ________.	4%
This term is used to describe clouds found in the middle height range.	alto
If the temperature drops and the amount of moisture in the air remains unchanged, the relative humidity will increase.	True
The highest relative humidity on a particular day usually occurs in the mid-afternoon.	False
Deserts on the lee/downwind sides of mountains such as the Great Basin, Gobi, and Takla Makan are examples of ________.	rainshadow deserts
When air is unstable, the environmental lapse rate is ________.	greater than the dry adiabatic rate
When using a psychrometer/hygrometer and the dew point and air temperatures read nearly the same, you can conclude that ________.	the air has a high relative humidity
This fog forms in valleys at night.	radiation fog
These clouds are often called "fair weather" clouds.	cumulus
Tornadoes can be associated with this cloud type.	cumulonimbus
When air sinks, it compresses and warms.	TRUE
Because the mixing ratio is expressed in units of mass, it is affected by changes in pressure or temperature	FALSE
The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called ________.	condensation
Relative humidity is usually expressed as a percent.	TRUE
High clouds that form delicate veil-like patches or extended wispy fibers are termed ________.	cirrus
When stable air is forced to rise, any clouds that are produced are generally thin and flat lying.	TRUE
A dark gray cloud that blankets the sky and often generates precipitation is called ________.	nimbostratus
Clouds form because rising air cools as it comes in contact with colder air aloft.	FALSE
Under what circumstances could the relative humidity exceed 100% without producing condensation in the air?	there are no condensation nuclei
The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ________.	cooling by expansion of air
The dew point is the temperature at which ________.	water vapor condenses to a liquid
Which one of the fogs listed below may be categorized as an evaporation fog?	steam
Hail is most commonly associated with ________.	cumulonimbus
A wintertime form of precipitation that consists of small ice particles is called ________.	sleet
High clouds that form delicate veil-like patches or extended wispy fibers are termed ________.	cirrus
The cloud form that is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky is termed ________.	stratus
Hail is most commonly associated with ________.	cumulonimbus
When using a psychrometer/hygrometer and the dew point and air temperatures read nearly the same, you can conclude that ________.	the air has a high relative humidity
When stable air is forced to rise, any clouds that are produced are generally thin and flat lying.	True
Deserts on the lee/downwind sides of mountains such as the Great Basin, Gobi, and Takla Makan are examples of ________.	rainshadow deserts
This fog forms in valleys at night.	radiation fog
The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a billowy or "cauliflower-like" structure is called ________.	cumulus
This cloud may develop an "anvil head."	cumulonimbus
This term is used to describe clouds found in the middle height range.	alto
This cloud type is confined to the middle height range.	altostratus
Because the mixing ratio is expressed in units of mass, it is affected by changes in pressure or temperature.	False
Under what circumstances could the relative humidity exceed 100% without producing condensation in the air?	there are no condensation nuclei
The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed ________.	4%
What is the relative humidity for the above conditions at 25 C?(relative humidity = water vapor content / by maximum grams water vapor capacity at a given temperature)	70%
The dew point is the temperature at which ________.	water vapor condenses to a liquid
Which of the following would NOT be associated with stable atmospheric conditions?	afternoon thunder showers
This cloud sometimes produces "mare's tails."	cirrus
The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ________	cooling by expansion of air
If air at sea level with a temperature of 27>C is forced up a mountain slope and the air's dew point at the condensation level is 14>C, at what elevation will condensation begin? (Dry adiabatic cooling rate is -6.5 C per km (1000m))	2000 meters
If the temperature drops and the amount of moisture in the air remains unchanged, the relative humidity will increase.	True
Clouds form because rising air cools as it comes in contact with colder air aloft.	False
When air sinks, it compresses and warms.	TRUE
This term is used to describe clouds that produce precipitation.	nimbo
Tornadoes can be associated with this cloud type.	cumulonimbus
Which one of the fogs listed below may be categorized as an evaporation fog?	steam
Relative humidity is usually expressed as a percent.	True
The highest relative humidity on a particular day usually occurs in the mid-afternoon.	FALSE
Dew point is the temperature at which the air is saturated.	True
The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a billowy or "cauliflower-like" structure is called ________.	cumulus
A wintertime form of precipitation that consists of small ice particles is called ________.	sleet
This cloud sometimes produces "mare's tails."	cirrus
This term is used to describe clouds that produce precipitation.	nimbo
Which of the following would NOT be associated with stable atmospheric conditions?	afternoon thunder showers
This process results in the release of about 600 calories of latent heat per gram of water.	condensation
Relative humidity is usually expressed as a percent.	TRUE
If air at sea level with a temperature of 27>C is forced up a mountain slope and the air's dew point at the condensation level is 14>C, at what elevation will condensation begin? (Dry adiabatic cooling rate is -6.5 C per km (1000m))	2000 meters
Tornadoes can be associated with this cloud type.	cumulonimbus
The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed ________.	4%
When air sinks, it compresses and warms.	TRUE
Hail is most commonly associated with ________.	cumulonimbus
Orographic lifting occurs where sloping terrains, such as mountains, act as barriers to the flow of air.	True
The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ________.	cooling by expansion of air
Which one of the fogs listed below may be categorized as an evaporation fog?	steam
The cloud form that is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky is termed ________.	stratus
This cloud type is confined to the middle height range.	altostratus
If the temperature drops and the amount of moisture in the air remains unchanged, the relative humidity will increase.	TRUE
Dew point is the temperature at which the air is saturated.	True
When stable air is forced to rise, any clouds that are produced are generally thin and flat lying.	TRUE
Clouds form because rising air cools as it comes in contact with colder air aloft.	FALSE
When air is unstable, the environmental lapse rate is ________.	greater than the dry adiabatic rate
When warm moist air moves over a cold surface, ________ fog may result.	advection
A dark gray cloud that blankets the sky and often generates precipitation is called ________.	nimbostratus
This term is used to describe clouds found in the middle height range.	alto
Deserts on the lee/downwind sides of mountains such as the Great Basin, Gobi, and Takla Makan are examples of ________.	rainshadow deserts
What is the relative humidity for the above conditions at 25 C?(relative humidity = water vapor content / by maximum grams water vapor capacity at a given temperature)	70%
The highest relative humidity on a particular day usually occurs in the mid-afternoon	False
This cloud may develop an "anvil head."	cumulonimbus
These clouds are often called "fair weather" clouds.	cumulus
The Coriolis effect is strongest at the equator and diminishes in strength poleward.	False
What is the technical name for a high pressure center?	anticyclone
A sea breeze usually originates during the ________.	day and flows toward the land
Santa Ana winds that are often associated with California wildfires (or Chinook or Foehn) wind are ________.	very dry, warm wind flowing down a mountain slope
High pressure systems are usually associated with stormy weather.	False
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high pressure system blow ________.	clockwise and outward from the center
Lines on a weather map connecting places of equal air pressure are called ________.	isobars
This pressure zone is associated with abundant precipitation and warm temperatures	equatorial low
Upper air winds ________	are generally faster than surface winds
Standard sea level air pressure is 1013 millibars.	True
If Earth were not rotating ________.	air would move directly from high to low pressure
If "fair" weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________.	rising
Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds?	westerlies
Widely spaced isobars often indicate ________	light winds
A southwest wind blows toward the northeast.	True
In the Southern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system blow ________.	clockwise and toward the center
Which of these factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force?	both wind speed and latitude
Closely spaced isobars often indicate ________	high winds
High air pressure systems are usually associated with ________.	all of these
The ultimate cause of a sea breeze is the unequal heating of land and water.	True
If stormy weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________.	falling
A mountain breeze is best developed in the hottest part of the day.	False
The pressure gradient force is the driving force behind wind.	True
In the Northern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system (cyclone) blow ________.	counterclockwise and toward the center
Fast moving currents of air found near the top of the troposphere are called ________.	jet streams
Low pressure systems are usually associated with clear weather.	False
Standard sea level pressure in millibars is	1013 mb
An isobar is a line connecting places of equal humidity.	False
Closely spaced isobars indicate high wind speeds.	True
The pressure gradient force is the driving force behind wind.	True
What is the technical name for a high pressure center?	anticyclone
Standard sea level air pressure is 1013 millibars	True
Cyclones are usually associated with stormy weather.	True
Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds?	westerlies
A southwest wind blows toward the northeast.	True
High pressure systems are usually associated with stormy weather.	False
If stormy weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________.	falling
Which of these factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force?	both wind speed and latitude
If Earth were not rotating ________.	air would move directly from high to low pressure
An isobar is a line connecting places of equal humidity.	False
The ultimate cause of a sea breeze is the unequal heating of land and water	True
Closely spaced isobars often indicate ________.	high winds
Upper air winds ______	are generally faster than surface winds
If "fair" weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________.	rising
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high pressure system blow ________.	clockwise and outward from the center
Standard sea level pressure in millibars is	1013 mb
Widely spaced isobars often indicate ________.	light winds
In the Southern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system blow ________.	clockwise and toward the center
This pressure zone is associated with abundant precipitation and warm temperatures.	equatorial low
Santa Ana winds that are often associated with California wildfires (or Chinook or Foehn) wind are ________.	very dry, warm wind flowing down a mountain slope
In the Northern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system (cyclone) blow ________.	counterclockwise and toward the center
High air pressure systems are usually associated with ________.	all of these
Horizontal movement of air is called wind.	True
Closely spaced isobars indicate high wind speeds.	True
Lines on a weather map connecting places of equal air pressure are called ________.	isobars
The Coriolis effect is strongest at the equator and diminishes in strength poleward	False
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds blow clockwise and outward from the center of anticyclones.	True
A steep pressure gradient ________.	produces strong winds
Fast moving currents of air found near the top of the troposphere are called ________.	jet streams
A mountain breeze is best developed in the hottest part of the day.	False
Cyclones are usually associated with stormy weather.	True
The Coriolis effect is strongest at the equator and diminishes in strength poleward	False
An isobar is a line connecting places of equal humidity.	False
Which of these factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force?	both wind speed and latitude
A sea breeze usually originates during the ________.	day and flows toward the land
High pressure systems are usually associated with stormy weather.	False
Santa Ana winds that are often associated with California wildfires (or Chinook or Foehn) wind are ________.	very dry, warm wind flowing down a mountain slope
Fast moving currents of air found near the top of the troposphere are called ________	jet streams
Closely spaced isobars often indicate ________.	high winds
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high pressure system blow ________.	clockwise and outward from the center
The region where the trade winds meet is also called the doldrums.	True
Widely spaced isobars often indicate ________.	light winds
Closely spaced isobars indicate high wind speeds.	True
Lines on a weather map connecting places of equal air pressure are called ________.	isobars
If "fair" weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________.	rising
his pressure zone is associated with abundant precipitation and warm temperatures.	equatorial low
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds blow clockwise and outward from the center of anticyclones.	True
A steep pressure gradient ________.	produces strong winds
The ultimate cause of a sea breeze is the unequal heating of land and water.	True
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with semicircles extending in the direction the front is moving.	warm
If an observer sees cirrus clouds, followed later by cirrostratus, and then altostratus, he or she is witnessing the approach of a ________ front.	warm
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with triangular points on the side the front is moving.	cold
Hurricanes generally are ________.	all of these
In some parts of the world hurricanes are called typhoons or cyclones.	True
In the Northern Hemisphere, tornadoes are most frequent during the ________	April-June period
Which of the following should have the steepest pressure gradient?	tornado
Cold fronts and warm fronts in the middle latitudes are often associated with a ________.	middle-latitude cyclone/low pressure
Surface cyclones are accompanied by divergence aloft.	True
The precipitation associated with a warm front typically arrives ________ the actual frontal boundary .	considerably ahead of
After the center of a mature wave cyclone passes, you should expect ________.	barometric pressure to rise
Divergence aloft helps maintain surface lows	True
A tornado watch is issued by the National Weather Service after a tornado has been sighted in an area.	False
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of tornadoes?	usually occur along the warm front of a mid-latitude cyclone
When a hurricane moves onto land, it rapidly loses its punch; that is, the storm declines in intensity. Which of the factors listed below contribute to this loss of punch?	both friction and lack of warm, moist air
A wind shift from south or southwest to northwest is commonly associated with the passage of a ________ front.	cold
In a hurricane the greatest wind speeds and heaviest rainfall occur in the region called the eye.	False
Usually ________ fronts produce several hours or a day of moderate-to-gentle precipitation over a large region.	warm
If you were 200 kilometers ahead of the surface position of a warm front, you would find the frontal surface at a height of about ________ km overhead.(The slope of a warm front is about 2km per 100km)	1.0
A cT air mass is ________.	warm and dry
Cold fronts usually move more slowly than warm fronts.	False
A cT air mass is dry and warm.	True
This air mass is the source of much of the moisture for precipitation in the central and eastern United States.	mT
Continental polar air masses seldom influence the weather south of the Great Lakes.	False
Most severe thunderstorms that occur in the middle latitudes form along or ahead of cold fronts.	True
The air masses that have the greatest influence on weather conditions in the central United States are ________	cP and mT
An air mass from the Gulf of Mexico is labeled _______	mT
An mP air mass is ________.	cold and humid
Tornadoes most often move TOWARDS what direction?	northeast
Tornadoes are most often generated along the cold front of a middle-latitude cyclone.	True
Typhoon is another name for a ________.	hurricane
Hurricanes most often develop in late summer.	True
Usually ________ fronts produce several hours or a day of moderate-to-gentle precipitation over a large region.	warm
When an active cold front overtakes a warm front ________.	an occluded front forms
an occluded front forms	middle-latitude cyclone/low pressure
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with triangular points on the side the front is moving.	cold
Tornadoes are most often generated along the cold front of a middle-latitude cyclone.	True
A cT air mass is ________.	warm and dry
If you were 200 kilometers ahead of the surface position of a warm front, you would find the frontal surface at a height of about ________ km overhead.(The slope of a warm front is about 2km per 100km)	1.0
After the center of a mature wave cyclone passes, you should expect ________.	barometric pressure to rise
Cold fronts usually move more slowly than warm fronts.	False
This air mass often originates as a different air mass in Siberia and is subsequently altered.	cP
When a hurricane moves onto land, it rapidly loses its punch; that is, the storm declines in intensity. Which of the factors listed below contribute to this loss of punch?	both friction and lack of warm, moist air
Continental polar air masses seldom influence the weather south of the Great Lakes.	False
The precipitation associated with a warm front typically arrives ________ the actual frontal boundary .	considerably ahead of
This air mass is the source of much of the moisture for precipitation in the central and eastern United States.	mT
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of tornadoes?	usually occur along the warm front of a mid-latitude cyclone
A wind shift from south or southwest to northwest is commonly associated with the passage of a ________ front.	cold
If an observer sees cirrus clouds, followed later by cirrostratus, and then altostratus, he or she is witnessing the approach of a ________ front.	warm
Surface cyclones are accompanied by divergence aloft.	True
In the Northern Hemisphere, tornadoes are most frequent during the ________.	April-June period
The air masses that have the greatest influence on weather conditions in the central United States are ________.	cP and mT
In some parts of the world hurricanes are called typhoons or cyclones.	True
Divergence aloft helps maintain surface lows.	True
A tornado watch is issued by the National Weather Service after a tornado has been sighted in an area.	False
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with semicircles extending in the direction the front is moving.	warm
In a hurricane the greatest wind speeds and heaviest rainfall occur in the region called the eye.	False
An mP air mass is ________.	cold and humid
Which of the following should have the steepest pressure gradient?	tornado
Which of the following is considered to be a boundary between two different air masses?	all of the above
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of tornadoes?	usually occur along the warm front of a mid-latitude cyclone
Hurricanes most often develop in late summer.	True
The precipitation associated with a warm front typically arrives ________ the actual frontal boundary .	considerably ahead of
A cT air mass is dry and warm.	True
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with triangular points on the side the front is moving.	cold
A wind shift from south or southwest to northwest is commonly associated with the passage of a ________ front.	cold
Tornadoes most often move TOWARDS what direction?	northeast
An air mass from the Gulf of Mexico is labeled ________.	mT
Tornadoes are most often generated along the cold front of a middle-latitude cyclone.	True
Most severe thunderstorms that occur in the middle latitudes form along or ahead of cold fronts.	True
Continental polar air masses seldom influence the weather south of the Great Lakes.	False
When an active cold front overtakes a warm front ________.	an occluded front forms
An mP air mass is ________.	cold and humid
In a hurricane the greatest wind speeds and heaviest rainfall occur in the region called the eye.	False
Surface cyclones are accompanied by divergence aloft.	True
This air mass often originates as a different air mass in Siberia and is subsequently altered.	cP
Hurricanes generally are ________.	all of these
Cold fronts usually move more slowly than warm fronts.	False
Divergence aloft helps maintain surface lows.	True
This air mass is the source of much of the moisture for precipitation in the central and eastern United States.	mT
If an observer sees cirrus clouds, followed later by cirrostratus, and then altostratus, he or she is witnessing the approach of a ________ front.	warm
Which of the following is considered to be a boundary between two different air masses?	all of the above
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with semicircles extending in the direction the front is moving.	warm
In some parts of the world hurricanes are called typhoons or cyclones.	True
When a hurricane moves onto land, it rapidly loses its punch; that is, the storm declines in intensity. Which of the factors listed below contribute to this loss of punch?	both friction and lack of warm, moist air
The belt (orbit) of the asteroids is located between ________.	Jupiter and Mars
Of the terrestrial planets, Mercury exhibits the greatest lateral variations in surface temperatures.	True
Which one of the following is not found on Mars?	H2O-rich atmosphere
In the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe the ________.	Earth was in the center of the universe
The lunar highlands exhibit rugged, topographic relief and a high density of impact craters.	True
________ meteorites are thought to be analogous in composition to Earth's core.	Iron
This scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy.	Galileo
Comets are thought to be composed of dust and tiny, icy particles encased in small, solidified, metallic fragments.	False
The formation of the solar system from a huge cloud of gases and dispersed particles is known as the solar galactic hypothesis	False
Which of these lunar features is the oldest?	lunar highlands
________ refers to the bright head of a comet.	Coma
Galileo observed several features using the telescope. Which one of the following did he NOT discover?	the two moons of Mars
________ is the principal gas in the Venusian atmosphere and also a minor component of the atmospheres of Earth and Mars.	Carbon dioxide
The atmosphere of Mars is less dense than Earth's, but dust storms and sand dunes indicate wind action occurs on Mars.	True
The very large, lava-covered areas of the Moon are called maria.	True
The smallest planet in the solar system is ________.	Mercury
The ________ explains how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles.	nebular hypothesis
Which of the following statements concerning ring satellites of the planets is true?	consist of concentrations of particles generally smaller than 10 meters in diameter
Which one of the following is most likely to be associated both with impact craters and with volcanic calderas that originate by collapse?	landslides and other mass wasting movements along the walls of the depression
The high surface temperatures of this planet have been attributed to the greenhouse effect.	Venus
Carbon dioxide is the major gas in the atmosphere of Venus.	True
________ has a hot, turbulent atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide.	Venus
Which one of the terrestrial planets has a surface landscape similar to that of the older areas of the Moon?	Mercury
Galileo believed in a Sun-centered view of the universe.	True
Most of the Moon's craters were produced by ______	the impact of debris (meteoroids)
The Martian polar caps are thought to be mainly frozen methane and ammonia.	False
Lunar regolith breccia contains crystalline rock fragments and glassy fragments.	True
The planets maintain circular orbits around the Sun.	False
Galileo discovered Jupiter's four largest moons.	True
Which one of the following is not true of Jupiter?	a rotational speed slower than Mercury
Which one of the terrestrial planets has a surface landscape similar to that of the older areas of the Moon?	Mercury
Which of these lunar features is the oldest?	lunar highlands
Lunar regolith breccia contains crystalline rock fragments and glassy fragments.	True
________ has a hot, turbulent atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide.	Venus
The surface features of ________ are known only through satellite radar mapping.	Venus
Comets are thought to be composed of dust and tiny, icy particles encased in small, solidified, metallic fragments.	False
The planets maintain circular orbits around the Sun.	False
In the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe the ________.	Earth was in the center of the universe
The formation of the solar system from a huge cloud of gases and dispersed particles is known as the solar galactic hypothesis.	False
Of the terrestrial planets, Mercury exhibits the greatest lateral variations in surface temperatures.	True
The Martian polar caps are thought to be mainly frozen methane and ammonia.	False
The first modern astronomer to propose a Sun-centered universe was ________.	Nicolaus Copernicus
________ meteorites are thought to be analogous in composition to Earth's core.	Iron
The four largest moons of Jupiter are known as the Galilean moons.	True
Carbon dioxide is the major gas in the atmosphere of Venus.	True
Which of the following statements concerning ring satellites of the planets is true?	consist of concentrations of particles generally smaller than 10 meters in diameter
The high surface temperatures of this planet have been attributed to the greenhouse effect.	Venus
The atmosphere of Mars is less dense than Earth's, but dust storms and sand dunes indicate wind action occurs on Mars.	True
________ is the principal gas in the Venusian atmosphere and also a minor component of the atmospheres of Earth and Mars.	Carbon dioxide
Which one of the following is not found on Mars?	H2O-rich atmosphere
Which one of the following is not true of Jupiter?	a rotational speed slower than Mercury
This scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy.	Galileo
Which one of the following is most likely to be associated both with impact craters and with volcanic calderas that originate by collapse?	landslides and other mass wasting movements along the walls of the depression
The very large, lava-covered areas of the Moon are called maria.	True
The ________ explains how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles.	nebular hypothesis
he belt (orbit) of the asteroids is located between ________.	Jupiter and Mars
The lunar highlands exhibit rugged, topographic relief and a high density of impact craters.	True
The planets maintain circular orbits around the Sun.	False
Which of these lunar features is the oldest?	lunar highlands
________ is the principal gas in the Venusian atmosphere and also a minor component of the atmospheres of Earth and Mars.	Carbon dioxide
________ has a hot, turbulent atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide.	Venus
Of the terrestrial planets, Mercury exhibits the greatest lateral variations in surface temperatures.	True
________ meteorites are thought to be analogous in composition to Earth's core.	Iron
Which one of the terrestrial planets has a surface landscape similar to that of the older areas of the Moon?	Mercury
Which one of the following is not found on Mars?	H2O-rich atmosphere
The four largest moons of Jupiter are known as the Galilean moons.	True
The smallest planet in the solar system is ________.	Mercury
The surface features of ________ are known only through satellite radar mapping.	Venus
Which one of the following is not true of Jupiter?	a rotational speed slower than Mercury
Carbon dioxide is the major gas in the atmosphere of Venus.	True
The Martian polar caps are thought to be mainly frozen methane and ammonia.	False
Which one of the following is most likely to be associated both with impact craters and with volcanic calderas that originate by collapse?	landslides and other mass wasting movements along the walls of the depression
As the solar system was forming, ________ came closest to undergoing nuclear fusion and becoming a second sun.	Jupiter
The ________ explains how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles.	nebular hypothesis
Lunar regolith breccia contains crystalline rock fragments and glassy fragments.	True
The lunar highlands exhibit rugged, topographic relief and a high density of impact craters.	True
The distance to near by stars can be determined from ________.	stellar parallax
Cool stars evolve much more quickly than do hot stars.	False
The hottest main-sequence stars are also the most massive.	True
Which one of the objects listed below has the largest size?	galaxies
One of the most common units used to express stellar distance is the ________.	light-year
Our galaxy is called the ________.	Milky Way galaxy
Which color stars have the highest surface temperature?	blue
This property of a star can be determined from its color.	surface temperature
Which main-sequence stars are the most massive?	blue
The Milky Way is classified as a spiral galaxy.	True
The discovery that the universe appears to be expanding led to a widely accepted theory called ________.	the Big Bang
The final stage in the evolution of the most massive stars is a ________.	black hole
Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding from us at a speed that is proportional to their ________.	distance
The most dense stars known to exist are ________.	black holes
The final stage in the evolution of a star like our Sun is a neutron star.	False
Most stars are in this stage of evolution.	main-sequence star
Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from us.	True
The red shift refers to the tendency of stars to cool and become red in color.	False
The Sun belongs to this class of stars.	main-sequence star
A star in which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull at its surface is called a ________.	black hole
Which color stars have the coolest surface temperature?	red
The measure of a star's brightness is called its ________.	magnitude
The least massive main-sequence stars are blue in color.	False
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.	True
Stars spend most of their life span as giants.	False
Possibly the most cataclysmic event to occur in nature is ________.	a supernova
The final stage for a star which is as massive as the Sun that no longer radiates energy is a ________.	black dwarf
The measure of a star's brightness is called its magnitude.	True
Stars spend most of their life span as main-sequence stars.	True
Using stellar parallax, astronomers are able to determine the distance to even the most distant stars.	False
Stars spend most of their life span as main-sequence stars.	True
The point in stellar evolution when a star has used up all its fuel and is radiating away its remaining thermal energy as light is the ________ stage.	white dwarf
The final stage in the evolution of a star like our Sun is a neutron star.	False
A star in which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull at its surface is called a ________.	black hole
Which one of the objects listed below has the largest size?	galaxies
When a main-sequence star has exhausted the fuel in the inner region, it becomes a ________.	red giant
Which color stars have the highest surface temperature?	blue
This property of a star can be determined from its color.	surface temperature
The red shift refers to the tendency of stars to cool and become red in color.	False
The hottest main-sequence stars are also the most massive.	True
The discovery that the universe appears to be expanding led to a widely accepted theory called ________.	the Big Bang
The Sun is considered an average star.	True
The least massive main-sequence stars are blue in color.	False
Which main-sequence stars are the most massive?	blue
Using stellar parallax, astronomers are able to determine the distance to even the most distant stars.	False
The most dense stars known to exist are ________.	black holes
Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from us.	True
One of the most common units used to express stellar distance is the ________	light-year
The Milky Way is classified as a spiral galaxy.	True
Stars having the same surface temperature, radiate the same amount of energy per unit area.	True
The measure of a star's brightness is called its ________.	magnitude
The distance to near by stars can be determined from ________.	stellar parallax
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.	True
The Sun belongs to this class of stars.	main-sequence star
The larger the magnitude number, the brighter will be the star.	False
The final stage for a star which is as massive as the Sun that no longer radiates energy is a ________	black dwarf
Which color stars have the coolest surface temperature?	red
More than 50 percent of the stars in the universe occur in pairs or multiples	True
The final stage in the evolution of the most massive stars is a ________.	black hole
Most stars are in this stage of evolution.	main-sequence star
This property of a star can be determined from its color.	surface temperature
Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding from us at a speed that is proportional to their ________.	distance
The point in stellar evolution when a star has used up all its fuel and is radiating away its remaining thermal energy as light is the ________ stage.	white dwarf
Which main-sequence stars are the most massive?	blue
Based on the observed red shifts in the spectral lines of distant galaxies, astronomers conclude that ________.	the universe is expanding
The Milky Way is classified as a spiral galaxy.	True
The least massive main-sequence stars are blue in color.	False
The final stage in the evolution of a star like our Sun is a neutron star.	False
Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from us.	True
A star in which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull at its surface is called a ________.	black hole
Most stars are in this stage of evolution.	main-sequence star
The measure of a star's brightness is called its ________.	magnitude
The measure of a star's brightness is called its magnitude.	True
Stars having the same surface temperature, radiate the same amount of energy per unit area.	True
Which one of the objects listed below has the largest size?	galaxies
The red shift refers to the tendency of stars to cool and become red in color.	False
One of the most common units used to express stellar distance is the ________.	light-year
The larger the magnitude number, the brighter will be the star.	False
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.	True
When a main-sequence star has exhausted the fuel in the inner region, it becomes a ________.	red giant
The final stage in the evolution of the most massive stars is a ________.	black hole
Stars spend most of their life span as main-sequence stars.	True
The hottest main-sequence stars are also the most massive.	True
Possibly the most cataclysmic event to occur in nature is ________.	a supernova
The most dense stars known to exist are ________.	black holes
Our galaxy is called the ________.	Milky Way galaxy
The discovery that the universe appears to be expanding led to a widely accepted theory called ________.	the Big Bang
Cool stars evolve much more quickly than do hot stars.	False
Stars spend most of their life span as giants.	False
Which color stars have the coolest surface temperature?	red
Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are ___________.	examples of large estuaries

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