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Dr. B Biology test 5
Dr. Brown's 5th Bio test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Respond to light; eyes | Photoreceptors |
| Records electrical activity of brain | Electroencephalogram(EEG) |
| Relay sys for tracts passing bw the cerebrum and spinal cord or cerebellum; reflex centers for visual, auditory and tactile responses | Midbrain |
| Portion of the PNS containing motor neurons that control skeletal muscles | somatic sys |
| Refracts light rays; "window of the eye" | cornea |
| located in hypothalmus&skin;stimulates by changes in T | Thermoreceptors |
| Transmits impulse to brain | optic nerve |
| automatic response to a stimulus | reflex |
| Takes messages to CNS; equipped with specialized nerve endings that detect change in environment. | sensory neuron |
| The part of the autonomic sys that is activ eunder normal conditions; uses acetycholine as neurotransmitter | parasympathetic |
| Contains tracts that ascend or descend bw spinal cord&higher brain centers; contains # of reflex centers for regulating heartbeat, breathing, bp, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping&swallowing | Medulla oblongata |
| Bundles of axons | Nerves |
| Contains budles of axons traveling bw cerebellum and rest of CNS(Bridge) | Pons |
| Receive input from sensory neurons, sums up al messages recieved and communicates with motor neurons | Interneuron |
| Brain and spinal cord | CNS |
| Outer layer; protects and supports eyeball | Sclera |
| Largest portion of brain in humans; carries out higher thought processes required for learning, memory, language and speech; white matter(squigly junk; cerebral cortex) | Cerebrum |
| 2 masses of gray matter for sides and roof of 3rd ventricle; most sensory input form visual, auditory, taste and somato sensory arrives here via cranial nerves and tracts from spinal cord. | Thalmus |
| The Part of autonomic sys that usually promotes activities associated with emergenct(fight or flight); use norepinepherine as a neurotransmitter | sympathetic sys |
| The summing up of signals | Integration |
| Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata | Brain stem |
| Type of neuroglia-> makes up myelin sheath | schwann cells |
| Branch of the PNS that has control over internal organs; 2 divisions->1.sympathetic 2. parasympathetic | autonomic sys |
| admits light | pupil |
| maintains posture&balance; ensures muscles work together | cerebellum |
| Taste, smell, pain; respond to chem sbstncs in immediate vicinity | Chemoreceptors |
| Takes messages away fro CNS | Motor neurons |
| Involved in reflex actns; maintains muscle tone->body's equilibrium&posture | proprioceptors |
| Middle layer; absorbs stray light | Choroid |
| Holds lens in place; aids accomodation | ciliary body |
| Inside layer; cntns snsry receptors for sight | Retina |
| Lies outside CNS; composed of nerves and neuroglia; 2 divisions: 1. somatic sys 2. autonomic sys | Peripheral nervous sys |
| Makes black and white vision possible | Rod cells |
| surrounds 3rd ventricle; contns hypothalmus and thalmus | diencephalon |
| Integrating center; helps maintain homeostasis by regulating hunger, sleep body T and H2O balance;forms floor of 3rd ventricle, link bw nervous sys and endocrine sys; manufactures hormones and controls pituitary gland | hypothalmus |
| Make color vision possible | cone cells |
| Regulates light entrance; size of pupil | Iris |
| Stimulated by mechanical forces which most ooften result in P of some sort; hearing, equilibrium, balance | Mechanoreceptors |
| What are the 2 main divisions of the nervous system? | Peripheral nervous system&Central nervous system |
| What 2 types of cells make up the nervous sys? | Neurons&neuroglia |
| An oscilloscope can be used, with probes inside and outside of a nerve cell, to show the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane. In a resting cell which ion is concentrated OUTSIDE the membrane? | Na+ |
| Bc of unequal distribution of ions across a nerve membrane one side is negative with respect to the other side. Which side of the membrane is negative? | Inside |
| These connective tisue membranes surround the brain and spinal column cushioning and protecting them. | Menings |
| This is the rapid change in polarity across an axon membrane as a nerve impulse ocurs | Action potential |
| This tract of nerves brings sensoory information in to the spinal column. | Dorsal Root |
| chemicals that effect the behavior of other glands or tissues | hormones |
| have no ducts, they secrete hormones into tissue fluid | endocrine glands |
| emotions and higher mental functions are associated with this in the brain | limbic system |
| the ability to hold a thought in mind or recall events from the past | memory |
| occurs when environmental changes, such as pressure to the fingertips or light to the eye, stimulate sensory receptors | detection |
| conscious perception of stimuli, occurs when nerve impulses arrive at the cerebral cortex of the brain | sensation |
| make the skin sensitive to touch, pressure, pain, and temperature | cutaneous receptors |
| concentrated in the fingertips, palms, the lips, tongue, nipples, penis, clitoris | Meissner corpuscles and Krause end bulbs |
| found where the epidermis meets the dermis | merkel disks |
| two different types of cutaneous receptors that are sensitive to pressure | Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endings |
| our sense of smell is dependent on these | olfactory cells |
| the sense organ for hearing | spiral organ |
| if nearsighed the eyeball is... | elongated |
| if farsighted the eyeball is... | shortened |
| hormones fall into these two basic categories | peptide hormones and steroid hormones |
| are either peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, or modified amino acids | peptide hormones |
| always have the same complex of 4 carbon rings, but each specific hormone has different side chainsn | steroid hormones |
| means of communication between cells, between body parts, or even between individuals | chemical signals |
| growth hormones target... | bones, tissues |
| antidiuretic hormone targets... | kidneys |
| gonadotrophic hormones (FSH and LH) target... | ovaries and testes |
| produced by the adrenal medulla | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| regulate salt and water balance, leading to increases in blood volume and blood pressure | mineralocorticoids |
| biologically significant glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex | cortisol |
| caused by overproduction of GH in adults, characterized by enlargement of bones in the face, hands, and feet | acromegaly |
| have no ducts, they secrete hormones into tissue fluid | endocrine glands |
| emotions and higher mental functions are associated with this in the brain | limbic system |
| the ability to hold a thought in mind or recall events from the past | memory |
| occurs when environmental changes, such as pressure to the fingertips or light to the eye, stimulate sensory receptors | detection |
| conscious perception of stimuli, occurs when nerve impulses arrive at the cerebral cortex of the brain | sensation |
| make the skin sensitive to touch, pressure, pain, and temperature | cutaneous receptors |
| concentrated in the fingertips, palms, the lips, tongue, nipples, penis, clitoris | Meissner corpuscles and Krause end bulbs |
| found where the epidermis meets the dermis | merkel disks |
| two different types of cutaneous receptors that are sensitive to pressure | Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endings |
| our sense of smell is dependent on these | olfactory cells |
| the sense organ for hearing | spiral organ |
| if nearsighed the eyeball is... | elongated |
| if farsighted the eyeball is... | shortened |
| hormones fall into these two basic categories | peptide hormones and steroid hormones |
| are either peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, or modified amino acids | peptide hormones |
| always have the same complex of 4 carbon rings, but each specific hormone has different side chainsn | steroid hormones |
| means of communication between cells, between body parts, or even between individuals | chemical signals |
| growth hormones target... | bones, tissues |
| antidiuretic hormone targets... | kidneys |
| gonadotrophic hormones (FSH and LH) target... | ovaries and testes |
| produced by the adrenal medulla | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| regulate salt and water balance, leading to increases in blood volume and blood pressure | mineralocorticoids |
| biologically significant glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex | cortisol |
| caused by overproduction of GH in adults, characterized by enlargement of bones in the face, hands, and feet | acromegaly |
| balance | mechanoreceptors |
| rods and cones | photoreceptors |
| proprioceptors | mechanoreceptors |
| this compound is one of 25 different known chemicals released at synaptic junctions | acetycholine |
| causes blood sugar level to drop | insulin |
Created by:
brittany89
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