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Rocks & Minerals
rocks, minerals, rock cycle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cementation | process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together. |
| Cleavage | when a mineral splits along a smooth flat surface or angles |
| Compaction | process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight. |
| Crystal Structure | a solid with particles arranged in a repeating pattern. |
| Definite Chemical Composition | a mineral always contains certain elements in definite proportions (same ingredients) |
| Deposition | process by which sediment that has eroded is situated in a new location. |
| Erosion | process by which water, wind, ice or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil. |
| Extrusive | fine grained igneous rock that forms when lava cools quickly on the Earth's surface. |
| Igneous | type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten material at or below the surface. |
| Inorganic | not formed from living things or the remains of living things. |
| Intrusive | Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface. |
| Lava | the molten material found on Earth's surface. |
| Magma | the molten material found beneath Earth's surface. |
| Luster | how a mineral reflects light. |
| Metamorphic | type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reaction. |
| Mineral | a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. |
| Rock Cycle | a series of processes on the surface and inside the Earth that changes rocks from one kind to another. |
| Sediment | smaller pieces of rock broken off from a larger rock. |
| Sedimentary | a type of rock that forms when rock is weathered, eroded, deposited as well as compacted and cemented together. |
| Streak | the color of the minerals powder. |
| Weathering | the breaking down of rock and other materials on Earth's surface. |