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soil vocabulary

TermDefinition
litter "layer" containing plants, animals, humus
topsoil first layer of soil; dark in color, high in nutrient and water content
subsoil second layer of soil; lighter in color, contains some water and nutrients
parent material third layer of soil; lightest in color, composed of weathered rock and sediment; little water or nutrients
bedrock "layer" composed of solid, unweathered rock
litter O horizon
topsoil A horizon
subsoil B horizon
parent material C horizon
bedrock R horizon
dead organic material, very high in nutrients, very dark in color humus
largest soil particle (2 - 0.05 mm); gritty texture, low water content, low fertility (nutrient content) sand
middle sized soil particle (0.05 - 0.002 mm); soft texture, moderate water content, moderate fertility (nutrient content) silt
smallest soil particle (< 0.002 mm); fine texture, high water content, low fertility (nutrient content) clay
element needed for life that can't be replaced and is necessary for metabolic processes essential element
water, air (oxygen and carbon dioxide), energy (food and nutrients) things necessary for life
a lacking or absence of an essential element nutrient deficiency
planting different crops in a field in different years to replenish nutrients in the soil crop rotation
the removal of soil, usually by forces of water or wind erosion
creating steps in a hillside to prevent water erosion terraces
plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil erosion from water contour plowing
Created by: cjkremer
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