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Chapter5:Earthquakes

California Earth Science test on chapter 5 vocabulary words.

QuestionAnswer
stress a force that changes a rock's shape or volume
tension stress that stretches a rock
compression stress that squeezes a rock
shearing stress that pushes rock in opposite directions sideways
normal faults a fault where the hnging wall slides downward
hanging wall the rock that is the top half of a fault
footwall the rock that is the lower half of the fault
reverse fault a fault where the hanging wall slides upward
strike-slip fault a fault where rocks on both sides move pas each other sideways
anticline an upwards fold in rock
syncline a downwards fold in rock
plateau a level-surfaced, high elevation landform
earthquake the shaking caused by rocks moving underneath the Earth's surface
P waves seismic waves that compress and expand the ground
S waves seismic waves that vibrate side to side and up&down
Surface waves S and P waves that have reaced the Earth's surface
Mercali Scale a scale that rates earthquakes according to the intensity and damage
Richter Scale a scale that rates an earthquake according to the size of the seismic waves
seismograph a device that records ground movements
moment magnitude scale a scale that rates an earhquake according to the total energy released
seismogram the record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph
friction the force that opposes one motion as it moves across another surface
liquefaction when an earthquake causes loose soil to turn into liquid mud
aftershock an earthquake that happens after another one in the same area
tsunami a giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor
base-isolated building building designed to reduce the amount of energy anearthquake carries
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