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Bio Exam notes

Biology 9a Exam Notes

QuestionAnswer
Coevolution Evolutionaryadjustments between interating members of an ecosystem.
Population All the individuales of a species that live together in one place at one time.
Food Chain A path of energy through the trophic levels of an ecosystem.
Food Web An interconnected group of food chains.
Carnivores Organisms that only eat animals.
Consumers Organisms that consume plants or other organisms to obtain energy.
Energy Pyramid A triangular diagram that shows the movement of energy through an ecosystem.
Producers Organisms that first capture energy.
Herbivores Organisms that only plants.
Omnivores Organisms that eat both plants and animals.
Biodiversity The variety of organisms in an area.
Ecosystem A community and all of the physical aspects of its habitat.
Community The differant species that live in a community.
Habitat The place where a population of a species lives.
Biome A large region characterized by a climate and its specific plant and animal communities.
Carbon Dioxide A by-product of cellular respiration in nearly all living organisms.
Decomposers An organism that feeds by breaking down organic matter from dead organisms.
Most important abiotic factor for the organisms in an ecosystem is... Water.
Succession The regular replacement of one kind of community for another at a single place over time.
Nitrogen Fixation Process by which nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia by bacteria.
Transpiration Process by which water is returned to the atmosphere through plants.
Cycles of Matter The movement of substances, such as water and nitrogen, in a circular path between the non-living environment and living organisms.
The number of Trophic Levels in an ecological pyramid never exceeds... Four.
Fourth Trophic Level is made up of... Carnivores, any animal that only eats other animals. (EX. Lion)And Omnivores, animals that eat both other animals, and plants. (EX. Bears)
The Third Trophic Level is made up of... Animals that eat herbivores.
Second Trophic Level is made up of... Animals that feed on plants. Herbivores.(EX. Cows)
First Trophic Level is made up of... Producers.(EX. Plants, algea, and some bacteria.)
Grizzly bears, snakes, and worms can be members of the same... Ecosystem.
Ecosystem is made up of... All the organisms that live in aparticular place and the physical aspects of that place.
Ammonification The production of ammonia by bacteria during the decay of animals.
What does scientific theory involve? Making observations. Using evidence to draw conclusion. Being skeptical about ideas. And being open to change when new discoveries are made.
Who is Anton VanLeewenhoek? The man considered grandfather or microbiology who also reproduced 250 differant simple microscopes.
Reproduction the process by which an organisms make more of their own kind.
Metabolism The sum of all chemical reactions carried out in an organism.
Homeostasis The maintenence of stable internal conditions despite changing external conditions.
Heredity The process by which parent pass traits to their offspring.
Evolution The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring that change over generations.
The seven properties of living are... Cellular OrganizationHomeostasisMetabolismResponsivenessReproductionHeredityGrowth
The metric system is based on powers of... 10.
Control Group In an experiment, a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group is identified except for one factor.
Observation The act of noting or percieving objects or events using the senses.
Theory System of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence aquired through scientific theory.
What are steps to scientific method? Questions->Predictions-> Hypothesis->Experimentation
Hypothesis A possible explanation that can be tested by observation by obsevation or experiment.
Predation The act of one organism killing and eating another for food.
Coevolution Evolutionary adjustments between interacting members of an ecosystem.
Commensalism A symbiotic relationship in which on species benefits and the other is not helped nor harmed.
Mutualism A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit.
Parasitism One orgaism feeds on and usually lives on or in another larger organism.
Competition The biological interaction that occurs when two species use the same recources.
Realized Niche The part of an organisms niche taht it actually occupies.
Fundamental Niche The entire range of conditions in an ecosystem where an organism could survive.
Competitive Exclusion The elimination of a species due to competition.
Keystone Species A species taht is critical to the funtioning of an ecosystem.
Adhesion Attraction of paricles of differant substances.
Cohesion Attraction of particles of the same substance.
Base Compound that forms extra hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
Acid Compound that forms extra hydronium ions when dissolved in water.
Enzyme Molecule that increases the speed of biochemical reactions.
Activation Site Minimum Kinetic energy that colliding particles need to start a chemical reaction.
Active Site Region where the reaction takes place.
RNA Nucleotides of ribonucleic acid, plays part in protein synthesis.
Carbohydrate Moleculs made of sugars. Major source of energy for many organisms, including humans.
Reactant Substance that is changed in chemical reaction.
Product The new substance that is formed in chemical reaction.
ATP Adenosine triphosphate, main energy source during cell processes.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, contains genetic code.
Created by: sstanford
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