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Cells and Viruses
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nucleus | contains DNA and controls activities of a cell |
Cytoplasm | fluid portion of the cell |
Ribosomes | small particles of RNA that produce proteins by the coded instructions in the DNA |
Centrioles | organelles made from tubulins that help organize cell division in animal cells |
Lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes that break down larger molecules and organelles no longer needed |
Cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved with movement |
Vacuole | store water, salts, and organic molecules |
Golgi Apparatus | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from ER for storage in cell or release out of cell |
Endoplasmic Reticulum | internal membrane system in which lipids of cell are assembled, along with proteins and other materials |
Mitochondria | convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cell can use more quickly |
Chloroplasts | convert sunlight energy into food that contains chemical energy in a process for photosynthesis |
Viruses are | nonliving |
prokaryote | no membrane bound organelles |
Anton van Leeuwenhoek | 1st to observe living microorganisms |
Robert Hooke | 1st to look at cells and named cells |
New cells come from | existing cells |
Prokaryotes don't have | mitochondria or nuclei |
cyto means | cell |
eukaryotes have | membrane bound organelles |
mitochondria do | cellular respiration |
photosynthesis | chloroplasts |
main job of cells | make proteins |
cell membrane | active and passive transport (osmosis and diffusion) |
Dmitri Ivanovski | discovered viruses |
viruses reproduce using | the host cell's DNA |
capsid | protein coat surrounding a virus |
nuclear membrane | slows down flu viruses |
lytic cycle | attach, enter, reproduce, assemble, and lyse |
lysogenic virus | does not lyse cell, can stay dormant |
pathogens | infectious agents that cause disease |
Immune system | responds to pathogens |
4 major pathogens | virus, bacteria,fungi, and parasites |
provirus | viral DNA embedded in eukaryotic cell |
prophage | viral DNA embedded in bacterial hot cell |