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Cells and Viruses
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | contains DNA and controls activities of a cell |
| Cytoplasm | fluid portion of the cell |
| Ribosomes | small particles of RNA that produce proteins by the coded instructions in the DNA |
| Centrioles | organelles made from tubulins that help organize cell division in animal cells |
| Lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes that break down larger molecules and organelles no longer needed |
| Cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved with movement |
| Vacuole | store water, salts, and organic molecules |
| Golgi Apparatus | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from ER for storage in cell or release out of cell |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | internal membrane system in which lipids of cell are assembled, along with proteins and other materials |
| Mitochondria | convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cell can use more quickly |
| Chloroplasts | convert sunlight energy into food that contains chemical energy in a process for photosynthesis |
| Viruses are | nonliving |
| prokaryote | no membrane bound organelles |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | 1st to observe living microorganisms |
| Robert Hooke | 1st to look at cells and named cells |
| New cells come from | existing cells |
| Prokaryotes don't have | mitochondria or nuclei |
| cyto means | cell |
| eukaryotes have | membrane bound organelles |
| mitochondria do | cellular respiration |
| photosynthesis | chloroplasts |
| main job of cells | make proteins |
| cell membrane | active and passive transport (osmosis and diffusion) |
| Dmitri Ivanovski | discovered viruses |
| viruses reproduce using | the host cell's DNA |
| capsid | protein coat surrounding a virus |
| nuclear membrane | slows down flu viruses |
| lytic cycle | attach, enter, reproduce, assemble, and lyse |
| lysogenic virus | does not lyse cell, can stay dormant |
| pathogens | infectious agents that cause disease |
| Immune system | responds to pathogens |
| 4 major pathogens | virus, bacteria,fungi, and parasites |
| provirus | viral DNA embedded in eukaryotic cell |
| prophage | viral DNA embedded in bacterial hot cell |
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