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chapter 2 vocab
terms 2.1 .2
Question | Answer |
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atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element |
element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number |
compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
ion | an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge |
ionic bond | the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
covalent bond | a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties |
hydrogen bond | the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecular is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule |
cohesion | the force that holds molecules of a single material together |
adhesion | the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
solution | a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed |
solvent | in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
solute | in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts |
base | any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts |
pH | measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution |