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Test 1 Review
Forensic Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| He created the first scientific system of personal identification. | Alphonse Bertillon |
| He started the first crime lab, in France. | Edmund Locard |
| He created a method to analyze DNA for identification, which has been used in many cases. | Sir Alec Jeffreys |
| This principle states that when a criminal comes in contact with an object or person, a transfer of evidence occurs. | Locard’s Exchange Principle |
| He made the first definitive survey of fingerprints and their classification. | Francis Galton |
| This part of the crime lab analyzes DNA, plants, hairs, and fibers. | Biology Unit |
| This part of the crime lab analyzes guns, bullets, bullet casings, trajectories, and may also analyze tools. | Ballistics or Firearms Unit |
| This part of the crime lab uses physics, chemistry, and geology to analyze evidence. | Physical Science Unit |
| This part of the crime lab examines body fluids or found objects for drugs and poisons. | Toxicology Unit |
| This part of the crime lab examines the relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings. | Forensic Psychiatry Unit |
| This part of the crime lab examines the shotgun shell | Firearms Unit |
| This part of the crime lab examines blood | Biology Unit or Serology Unit |
| This part of the crime lab examines skeleton (no flesh) | Anthropologist |
| This part of the crime lab examines a small sample of white powder | Toxicologist |
| This part of the crime lab examines Carpet Fiber | Biology Unit |
| These laws deal with offenses against an individual that are deemed offensive to society | Criminal Laws |
| This type of law deals with relationships between individuals (property, contracts) | Civil Law |
| In a criminal case, The prosecution’s arguments are convincing, but still leave room for confusion and uncertainty. The defendant is found “not guilty.” What standard of proof is this? | Beyond a Reasonable Doubt |
| The plaintiff has more convincing evidence on his side than the defendant. The defendant is found to be liable. What standard of proof is this? | Preponderance of Evidence |
| This case made the trial judge the “gatekeeper” to admit scientific testimony or expert witnesses in court. | Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals |
| Name one of the two substances whose analyses has been an important factor in the expansion of crime labs. | DNA or drugs |
| A person who is called on to give an educated opinion, in court, using information and training that the average person may not have. | Expert Witness |
| Explain, using two technical vocabulary terms, why it is possible for a person to be found “not guilty” in criminal court, but “liable” in civil court, in the case of murder/death. (For example, OJ Simpson) | The jury in the criminal case could not find him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, but the plaintiff’s case had a preponderance of the evidence in the civil case. |
Created by:
teacherkristine
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