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bio vocab ch. 4
biology vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the smallest unit that can perform all life processes | cell |
| the theory that states that all living things are made up of one or more cells | cell theory |
| the cells outer boundary | plasma membrane |
| the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus | cytoplasm |
| the soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes | cytosol |
| a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction | nucleus |
| a single-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane-bound organelles | prokaryote |
| an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle | eukaryote |
| one of small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function | organelle |
| a collection of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function | tissue |
| a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body | organ |
| a group of organs that accomplish related tasks | organ system |
| a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes | phospholipid bilayer |
| in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structuresin the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA | chromosome |
| the double membrane that surounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell | nuclear envelope |
| the part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized | nucleolus |
| a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of photosynthesis | ribosome |
| in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP | mitochondrion |
| a system of membranes that is found in a cells cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids | endoplasmic reticulum |
| cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of a cell | Golgi apparatus (complex) |
| a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and that buds from the Golgi apparatus | lysosome |
| the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments and tubes that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division | cytoskeleton |
| one of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubuline that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement | microtubule |
| a fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement | microfilament |
| a hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells | cilium |
| a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move | flagellum |
| an organelle that is composed of two short microtubules at right angles to each other and that has an active role in mitosis | centriole |
| a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell | cell wall |
| in some protists and most plant cells, a large fluid-filled organelle that stores water, enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials | central vacuole |
| an organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell; examples include chloroplasts and chromoplasts | plastid |
| an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosyntesis occurs | chloroplast |
| a membrane system found in chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis | thylakoid |
| a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates | chlorophyll |
Created by:
stephensfamily
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