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Cell Division
Leaving Cert Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the structures made of DNA and protein that are found in the nucleus | Chromosomes |
| When chromosomes are present as long thin threads, what are they called | Chromatin |
| When chromosomes are present as double strands, what are they called | Chromatids |
| Each chromosome is composed of hundreds of small sections called what | Genes |
| What is a gene | A short section of DNA which contains the instructions for the formation of a protein |
| What do you call a cell that has only of each type of chromosome in the nucleus | Haploid cell |
| What do you call a cell that has two each type of chromosome in the nucleus (one from mother and one form father) | Diploid cell |
| What do you call a pair of chromosomes that has similar genes | Homologous pairs |
| A halpoid cell is symbolised by what | letter 'n' |
| A diploid cell is symbolised by what | 2n |
| How many chromosomes are present in each human cells | 46 |
| How many chromosomes are present in sperm and egg (haploid cells) | 23 |
| Name the phase in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing and accounts for 90% of the cycle | Interphase |
| During interphase, what shape are chromosomes | Elongated (chromatin) |
| What happens during interphase | New organelles are produced and chromosomes produce identical copies of themselves (chromatids) |
| What is mitosis | A form of nuclear division in which one nucleus divides to form two nuclei, each containing identical sets of chromosomes |
| What is the rhyme that reminds you of stages in mitosis | Party Monday and Tuesday |
| What is first phase | Prophase |
| What happens in prophase | Nucleolus disappears, nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibres |
| What is second phase | Metaphase |
| What happens in metaphase | Nuclear membrane gone, spindle fibres attach to the centromere of the chromatids and they line up along the middle of the cell |
| What is the centromere | The point where double chromosomes meet |
| What is third phase | Anaphase |
| What happens in Anaphase | Spindle fibres contract causing chromatids to split, single chromosomes pulled to opposite poles |
| What is last phase | Telophase |
| What happens in Telophase | Chromosomes lengthen to form chromatin, spindle fibres disappear, nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappear |
| What term in used to describe cell division | Cytokinesis |
| How does cytokinesis occur in animal cells | Cleavage - A cleavage furrow (shallow groove) forms at center of cell, becomes deeper until cell splits |
| How does cytokinesis occur in plant cells | Small vesicles form at center of cell, these build up to form a cell plate which then forms a wall |
| What is cancer | A group of disorders in which certain cells lose their ability to control the rate of mitosis |
| What is a benign tumour | Where the cells stop dividing after some time |
| What is a malignant tumour | Life threatening beacuse they can invade other cells |
| What causes cancers | Carcinogens - smoking, UV radiation, asbestos fibres |
| What is meiosis | A form of double nuclear division in which the daughter nuclei contain half the chromosome number of the parent |
| In what cells does meiosis take place | Gametes (sperm and egg) |
| What are the functions of meiosis | Allows for chromosome number to stay the same after fertilisation and allows for genetic variations in organisms |
Created by:
gcu biology
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