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C.M.A Chapter 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agranulocytes | White blood cells that lack granules in the cytoplasm. |
| Antibodies | Substances produced by the body that inactivate or destroy other substances that are introduced into the body; immunoglobulins. |
| Antibody-Mediated Immunity | Immunity that is the result of B-cell action and the production of antibodies; also called humoral immunity. |
| Antigens | Substances that trigger immune response when they are introduced in the body. |
| Atria (singular atrium) | Thin-walled chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins. |
| Atrioventricular Valves | Valves between the atria and the ventricles in the heart. |
| Cardiac Cycle | A complete heartbeat consisting of contraction and relaxation of both atria and both ventricles. |
| Cell-Mediated Immunity | Immunity that is the result of T-cell action. |
| Coagulation | The process of blood clotting. |
| Conduction Myofibers | Cardiac muscle cells specialized for conducting action potentials to the myocardium; part of the conduction system of the heart; also called purkinje fibers. |
| Diapedesis | The process by which white blood cells squeeze between the cells in a vessel wall to enter the tissue spaces outside the blood vessel. |
| Diastole | Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle; opposite of systole. |
| Endocardium | The thin, smooth inner lining of each chamber of the heart. |
| Epicardium | The outer layer of the heart wall; the visceral pericardium. |
| Erythrocytes | Red blood cells. |
| Erythropoiesis | The process of red blood cell formation. |
| Erythropoietin | A hormone released by the kidneys that stimulate red blood cell production. |
| Granulocytes | Granule cells. |
| Hematopoiesis | Blood cell production, which occurs in the red bone marrow; also called Hemopoiesis. |
| Hemocytoblast | A stem cell in bone marrow from which blood cells arise. |
| Hemoglobin | The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that is responsible for the transport of oxygen. |
| Hemostasis | The control or stoppage of bleeding. |
| Immunoglobulins | Substances produced by the body that inactivate or destroy other substances that are introduced into the body; antibodies |
| Leukocytes | white blood cells. |
| Macrophages | Large phagocytic connective tissue cell that functions in immune responses; name given to a monocyte after it leaves the blood and enters the tissues |
| Megakaryocytes | A large cell that contributes to the formation of platelets. |
| Myocardium | Middle layer of heart wall; composed of cardiac muscle tissue. |
| Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms | Body’s ability to counter act all types of harmful agents. |
| Pericardial Cavity | Small space around the heart, between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium, that contains a small amount of serous fluid for lubrication. |
| Pericardium | Membrane that surrounds the heart; usually refers to the pericardial sac |
| Pulmonary Circulation | The pathway that takes blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and then returns it to the left side of the heart. |
| Renal Erythropoietic Factor | A substance produced by the kidneys that activates erythropoietin to stimulate the production of red blood cells. |
| Resistance | Body's ability to counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents. |
| Right Lymphatic Duct | The collecting duct of the lymphatic system that collects lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body |
| Semilunar Valves | Valves between the ventricles of the heart and the vessels that carry blood away from the ventricles; also pertains to the valves in the veins. |
| Specific Defense Mechanisms | Activities of the body that counteract only certain types of harmful agents. |
| Susceptibility | Lack of resistance to disease. |
| Systemic Circulation | Pathways that transport blood from the left side of the heart to all parts of the body and return the blood to the right atrium; excludes pulmonary circulation. |
| Systole | Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle; opposite of diastole |
| Thoracic Duct | The primary collecting duct of the lymphatic system that collects lymph from all regions of the body except from the upper right quadrant. |
| Thrombocytes | A class of formed elements of the blood; function in blood clotting; also called platelets. |
| Ventricles | Pumping chambers of the heart. |