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PHS ES Mountain Bldg
PHS ES Mountain Building Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| deformation | general term for the process of folding, faulting, shearing, compression, or extension of rocks as the result of various natural forces. |
| stress | the force per unit area acting on a solid |
| strain | the change in shape or volume of a body of rock as a result of stress |
| isostasy | the concept that Earth's crust is floating in gravitational balance upon the material of the mantle. |
| isostatic adjustment | process of establishing a new level of gravitational equilibrium |
| anticline | a fold in sedimentray strata resembling an arch |
| syncline | a linear downfold in sedimentary strata; the opposite of anticline |
| monocline | a large steplike fold in otherwise horizontal sedimentary strata |
| normal fault | a fault in which the rock above the fault plane has moved down relative to the rock below. Hanging wall as moved down below the footwall due to tension. |
| strike-slip fault | a fault along which the movement is horizontal and parallel to the trend of the fault. Rock on both sides of the fault move past each other in opposite directions. |
| orogenesis | the collection of processes that result in the formation of mountains. |
| folded mountains | a mountain created primarily by compressional stress, which create folds in the rock layers |
| fault-block mountain | a mountain formed when large blocks or crust are tilted, uplifted, or dropped between large normal faults. |
| graben | a valley formed by the downward displacement of a fault-bounded block. |
| horst | an elongated, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults. |
| accretionary wedge | a large wedge-shaped mass of sediment that accumulates in subduction zones; here sediment is scraped from the subducting oceanic plate and accreted (attached) to the overriding crustal block. |
| accretion | process that occurs when crustal fragments collide with and stay connected to a continental plate. |
| terrane | a crustal block bounded by faults, whose geologic history is distinct from the histories of adjoining crustal blocks. |
| reverse fault | a fault in which the material above the fault plane moves up in relation to the material below. Hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall due to compression. |
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melaniebird
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