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Vital Signs
DCCC, Vital Signs ~ Test 1, S1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (Adult Temp.) Tympanic | 99.5 F (37.5 C) |
| (Adult Temp.) Forehead | 94.0 F (34.4 C) |
| (Newborn Temp.) Axillary -> range | 97.7 F - 98.6 F |
| (Newborn Temp.) Rectal -> range | 97.8 F - 99 F |
| Infants & Sm. Children, Normal Range _______ breaths/min. | 30 to 60 breaths/min. |
| Normal Respiration is called ______ | Eupnea |
| Normal Respiration Rate ______ breaths/min. (Adult) | 12-20 breaths/min. |
| Normal Pulse Rate, Range _______ bpm | 60-100 bpm |
| Tachycardia, Range ____ bpm | 100-180 bpm |
| Hyperpyrexia ~ usually "temp." is ___ | >105.8 F |
| Hypothermia ~ death may occur @ this "temp." is ____ | 93.2 F |
| (Adult Temp.) Oral | 98.6 F (37.0 C) |
| (Adult Temp.) Rectal | 99.5 F (37.5 C); 1 degree ABOVE Oral Temp. |
| (Adult Temp.) Axillary | 97.6 F (36.5 C); 1 degree BELOW Oral Temp. |
| Body Temperature: What is Circadian Rhythm... | Peak elevation occurs in late afternoon |
| Body Temperature: Body’s thermal balance is maintained ~ by "3" things that, Produce Heat... | Metabolism of food, Exercise, Shivering |
| Body Temperature: Body’s thermal balance is maintained ~ by "6" things that, Heat is Lost... | Effects of wind, heat, and humidity on body surface Through urine, feces, breathing |
| Body Temperature: Body’s thermal balance is maintained ~ There are "4" Mechanisms of heat transfer... | Radiation Convection Evaporation Conduction |
| Mechanisms of heat transfer: Radiation --> | transfer of heat in form of infrared waves, btw warm & cool objects |
| Mechanisms of heat transfer: Convection --> | transfer of heat through liquids or gas, btw 2 diff. temp. |
| Mechanisms of heat transfer: Evaporation --> | Liquid to Vapor |
| Mechanisms of heat transfer: Conduction --> | transfer of heat through direct contact, btw diff. objects or substances |
| Elevated Temperature is referred to as _____or____ | Pyrexia or Fever |
| Elevated Temperature ~ by "6" Manifestations | loss of appetite; headache; hot, dry skin; flushed face; thirst; general malaise (not feeling well). |
| Pulse ~ Physiologic factors, is ____ | Expansion of aorta in response to contraction of left ventricle sends a wave through walls of the arterial system that, on palpation, is felt as a light tap. |
| There are "11" Pulse Rate Variations, factors that may cause an increase: | * Pain * Heat and cold * Exercise * Disease processes * Activity * Decreased blood pressure * Medications * Elevated temp. * Emotions * Prolonged application of heat * Any situation resulting in poor oxygenation of blood |
| Pulse Rhythm | pattern of pulsations & pauses btw them. |
| DysRhythmia | irregular pattern of heartbeats |
| 9 different sites of Peripheral Pulses | Apical, Radial, Temporal, carotid, brachial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis. |
| Apical-Radial | Counting pulse at apex of heart & radial artery simultaneously when pulse is Irregular |
| Pulse Deficit | Difference btw the apical and radial pulse rates. |
| Respiration ~ "2" Physiological factors: | -Act of breathing and includes the body’s use of oxygen and the elimination of carbon dioxide. -Some voluntary control, but mostly involuntary. |
| Respiratory rate variations, there are "9" things that result in increase: | * Temperature * Pain * Anxiety * Exercise * COPD * Increased altitude * Maternal labor * Anemia * Medications – Amphetamines and cocaine |
| Respiratory rate variations, "2" conditions may result in slow breathing: | *Increased intracranial pressure *Certain drugs depress respiratory rate (narcotic analgesics – opioids). |
| Apnea | periods when there is no breathing |
| DYSpnea | difficult or labored breathing |
| ORTHOpnea | breathing easier in an upright position |
| TACHYpnea | increased respiratory rate |
| BRADYpnea | decreased respiratory rate |
| Kussmaul’s | deep, gasping respiration associated with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Fruity Sweet Smell). |
| Cheyne-Stokes | breathing pattern with periods of Apnea. |
| Pulse Pressure | difference btw systolic and diastolic reading |
| Systolic Pressure | maximum bld pressure exerted on walls of arteries when left ventricle contracts and pushes blood through the aortic valve |
| Diastolic Pressure | lower pressure present on arterial walls when the heart rests between beats. |
| "5" Physiologic factors that cause changes in BP | 1. Peripheral resistance 2. Pumping action of the heart 3. Blood volume 4. Viscosity of blood 5. Elasticity of vessel walls |
| "8" Other factors that influence BP | 1. Age 2. Normal rhythms and fluctuations 3. Gender 4. Ingestion of food 5. Exercise 6. Emotions 7. Position 8. Medications |
| HYPERtension | BP above normal for sustained period. |
| Hypotension | BP below normal |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | low BP causing weakness or fainting when rising to a standing position. |
Created by:
aznmonke
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