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EESC 111 CH1

Foundations Modern Geology

QuestionAnswer
What is a Hypothesis? Possible existence,pattern, correlation, relationship or explanation that has not yet been proven/disproven.
What serves as a guide for designing investigations? Hypothesis.
What is the Scientific Theory? Explanation for a set of related phenomena or observations.
What is a Scientific Law? A description of natural phenomena that always hold true. Ex Law of Gravity.
What is not an explanation but is based on observation? Scientific Law.
True or False: The Scientific Law evolves from Scientific Theory. False
What is the unifying theory of geology? Plate Tectonics
Outline the six steps of the Scientific Method 1. Observation 2. Questions 3. Hypothesis 4. Predictions 5. Test 6. Results
Failure to reject a hypothesis after repeated testing results in? Writing of a scientific paper, to then be peer reviewed and published if accepted.
Who is the Father of Modern Geology (1700s)? James Hutton
How old is the Earth? 4.5 Billion Years
When did Geology develop as a modern science? Mid to Late 1700s
New ideas in geology (1700s) based on __ and __ rather than on religious texts or on reasoning without observation. evidence and reasoning
Prior to 1700s what were three common ideas about the earth? 1. Earth 6 000 yrs old (bible) 2. Earth generally unchanging 3. Earth processes were catastrophic events created by a deity
James Hutton's Theory of the Earth concluded that geologic processes generally act very slowly to shape Earth's surface and therefor___ The Earth must be older than 6 000 years.
What is uniformitarianism? "the present is key to the past" ie. current day processes are the same as those that acted in the past.
Some geologic processes act over minutes/ hours/ days and others other hundreds of millions of years. List an example of a "fast" geological process. Earth quake. Landslide. Asteroid.
Why do slow geological processes have significant effect? Because the act over long time periods (ie mountain building).
What is relative time? The order in which events occur (ie. fossil record).
What is absolute time? The exact time at which an event occured.
What is the Geologic Time Scale? Describes Earth history in terms of both relative an absolute time.
What is the international Commission on Stratigraphy?
Why is the Anthroprocene Epoch not officially recognized? Debate on when it should occur as a type section in the geological record ( nuclear testing or coal steam engine).
Created by: lbevandick
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