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Cells vocab T
Science Cells key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| element | A type of matter in which all the atoms are the same; cannot be broken down into a simpler substance |
| atom | The smallest unit of an element |
| compound | two or more elements chemically combined |
| moleculue | the smallest unit of most compounds |
| organic compound | a compound that contains carbon |
| inorganic compound | a compound that does not contain carbon |
| carbohydrate | energy-rich compounds, sugars and starches, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| protein | large, organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| enzyme | a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things |
| choleserol | a waxy, fatlike substance, found in only animal products,and is important part of body cells that can build up artery walls. |
| DNA | The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| RNA | a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins |
| selectively permeable | a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others can't |
| diffusion | process where molecules move from an area with hogh concentration to an area with low concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. |
| passive transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy |
| photosynthesis | process where plants capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment found in chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| respiration | process where cells break down simple molecules to release the energy they contain |
| fermentation | process where cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen |
| interphase | stage of cell cycle that takes place before cell division and it grows, copies, DNA, and prepares to divide |
| cell cycle | the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo |
| replication | process where a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus |
| adenine | an important role of respiration |
| thymine | a nucleic acid in DNA |
| guanine | an important nucleic acid in DNA and RNA |
| cytosine | a nucleic base found in DNA and RNA |
| mitosis | the stage during which the cell's nucleus divides into 2 nuclei |
| cytokinesis | the cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells |
| prophase | chromatin condenses to form chromosomes and forms a bridge with spindle fibers |
| metaphase | the chromsomes line up against center of cell and each attaches to a spindle fiber |
| anaphase | the centromeres split and the two chromatids separate |
| telophase | chromosomes begin to stretch and lose shape and it occurs in two regions. |
Created by:
Crewsms20
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