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Micro Ch. 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| analgesics | a medication capable of reducing or eliminating pain |
| anesthetic | a substance that produces anesthesia, a state in which the conscious state of pain is blocked |
| antidote | a remedy to counteract the effects of poison |
| bioassays | an assay determining the biological activity or potency of a substance by testing its effect on a living organism |
| bioavailability | the term used to indicate the extent to which a drug reaches its site of action |
| biotransported | the transport of drugs across biological membranes |
| controlled substances act | the federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, uses, and distribution of certain substances are regulated |
| diuretics | a substance that promotes the excretion of urine |
| dosage | the total amount of a drug given over a period of time |
| dose | the amount of a drug given at a single time |
| effective concentration | drug effectiveness that can be achieved by a single administration or after multiple administrations |
| enteral | used to describe drugs administered via the digestive tract |
| experimental drugs | drugs that have shown promise as a result of laboratory and animal testing but have not yet been approved for human testing |
| first-pass effect | the biotransformation of a drug in the liver or gastrointestinal tract subsequent to oral administration and before entering the general circulation |
| latency | the period of time between the time something has been initiated, and the time when the effect becomes detectable |
| orphan drugs | those drugs needed to treat diseases affecting fewer than 200,000 U.S. patients, and that fail to receive attention for development primarily because of cost and perceived lack of need |
| parenteral | describing the introduction of a substance into the body by means other than gastrointestinally or via the lungs |
| peak effect | in pharmacology, occurs when receptors are maximally activated by a drug |
| pharamacodynamics | addresses drug-induced responses of the physiological and biochemical systems of the body |
| pharamacokinetics | addresses drug amounts at various sites in the body after their administration |
| pharmacotherapeutics | addresses issues associated with the choice and application of drugs to be used for disease prevention, treatment, or diagnosis |
| pharmacy | the preparation, compounding, dispensing of, and record keeping about therapeutic drugs |
| poisons | any substance that is harmful to the body |
| prodrug | a substance administered in an inactive form but that once administered is metabolized into an active form |
| side effects | unintended, usually negative effect resulting from the pharmacologic treatment of disease |
| therapeutic index | ratio comparing the drug dose that produces an undesired toxic effect with the dose that produces a desired positive (therapeutic) effect |
| toxic effect | physiological or physical effect that is caused by a substance |
| toxicology | study of the body's response to poisons, their harmful effects, mechanisms of action, symptoms, treatment, and identification |
Created by:
elmore00
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