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Micro Ch. 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abortive infections | an infection in which some or all viral components are synthesized but no infective virus is produced |
| adsorption | the first step by which a bacteriophage infects a bacterium; involves attachment to the host cell |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| baltimore classification system | a viral classification system. This system places the virus into 1 of 7 groups distinguishing the viruses on the basis of the relationship between the viral genome and the messenger RNA |
| capsid | a viral coat; consists of proteins that are encoded by the viral genome. It protects the viral nucleic acid |
| capsomeres | the protein subunits that make up the capsid |
| cytocidal infections | an infection that kills the host cell, also referred to as a lytic infection |
| cytopathic effects | morphologic changes in a host cell caused by certain viral infections and that may result in host cell damage or death |
| eclipse period | in this phase of the lytic life cycle of bacteriophages, no infectious phage particles can be found in the host cell |
| encapsidation | the process by which the viral capsid is produced first and serves as an empty shell for the nucleic acid |
| helical virus | virus with a protein capsid that appears in a coiled pattern |
| host range | the specificity of viruses to certain hosts |
| icosahedrons | viral capsids that are 3-dimensional, geometric figures with 12 corners, 20 triangular faces, and 30 edges |
| (ICTV) | international committee on taxonomy of viruses |
| intracellular accumulation phase | in this phase of the lyric life cycle of bacteriophages, the nucleic acids and structural proteins are assembled into complete infectious phages that accumulate in the host cell |
| lysis | cell "bursting" due to destruction of the plasma membrane |
| lysis and release phase | in this phase of the lytic life cycle of bacteriophages, virus-infected bacteria begin to lyse because of the accumulation of phage lysis proteins |
| lysogenic | process by which bacteriophages incorporate genes into the bacterial host genome and do not necessarily immediately lyse the cell |
| lysogeny | a less deadly form of parasitism, in which the host bacterium carries a prophage without being adversely affected |
| lytic | a type of infection that produces lysis and kills the host |
| nonpermissive cells | a cell that does not support the replication of a virus |
| nucleocapsid | represents the viral genome together with the protein coat |
| oncogenic | the tendency to give rise to tumors |
| permissive cells | in virology, cells that provide the biosynthetic machinery to support the complete replication cycle of a virus |
| persistent infections | infections that do not cause cell death |
| prions | infectious proteinaceous particles that are neither cellular organisms not viruses |
| prophage | a latent form of a bacteriophage with the viral genes incorporated into the bacterial chromosome without disruption of the bacterial cell |
| protomeres | individual subunits of a viral capsid |
| provirus | a viral genome that has integrated itself into the host cell DNA |
| satellites | viruses and bacteria that rely on the presence of unrelated organisms to help them grow |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | an emerging respiratory disease caused by viruses of the genus Coronavirus |
| spikes | in virology, glycoprotein projections on a viral capsid or envelope. |
| temperate phage | a bacteriophage existing in a bacterial cell but seldom causing immediate lysis |
| uncoating | in virology, removal of the viral coat by proteolytic enzymes in the host cell |
| viral envelope | the flexible outer covering of some viruses that begins as some membrane taken form the host cell but is modified significantly by the virus |
| virion | a complete virus, including the envelope |
| viroids | a single-stranded RNA molecule, lacking a capsid, that is an infectious agent in plants |
| virulent | the ability to invade the host tissue and cause disease |
| virusoids | circular, single-stranded RNA similar to viroids but require that the host cell is infected with a specific helper virus |
Created by:
elmore00
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