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Micro Ch. 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aerotolerant anaerobes | bacteria that do not require oxygen; its presence neither hinders nor helps the growth of the organisms |
| autotrophs | microorganisms that can obtain carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide |
| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria, some of which are endospore forming |
| barophiles | microorganisms that grow under high hydrostatic pressures and live only in the deepest parts of oceans |
| barotolerant | microorganisms that can survive under conditions of increased hydrostatic pressure |
| binomial system | the system of nomenclature in which organisms are identified by a two-part latinized name. |
| capneic | describing bacteria that requires more carbon dioxide than is present in the normal atmosphere |
| carbon | a naturally abundant chemical element with the symbol C and the atomic number 6. Carbon provides the backbone of all organic molecules |
| chemoautotrophs | uses inorganic chemical compounds as the source of energy and carbon dioxide as the carbon source |
| chemoheterotrophs | uses organic compounds as both the source of energy and as a carbon source |
| chemotrophs | an organism that uses energy from the breakdown of nutrient molecules |
| cocci | spherical bacteria; pleural of coccus |
| cryophiles | bacteria that are cold-loving and can grow at 0 degrees C or lower with optimal growth at about 15 degrees C |
| death phase | the death phase of bacterial growth begins when growth stops and the number of dead cells is larger than the number of viable cells |
| diplococci | round bacteria (cocci) that remains paired after cell division |
| exponential growth phase | the second phase of bacterial growth, during which the maximal growth rate of a culture occurs |
| facultative anaerobes | bacteria that can grow either in the absence or presence of oxygen |
| facultative halophiles | salt-tolerating microbes and can live in NaCL concentrations up to 10% |
| growth factors | compounds that cannot be synthesized by a microorganism but are essential for growth. They are typically essential cell components or precursors of these components |
| heterotrophs | a heterotroph uses organic compounds as its source of carbon |
| lag phase | that phase of bacterial growth during which the bacteria adapt to a medium before cell division starts |
| logarithmic growth phase | that phase of bacterial growth during which bacterial numbers increase logarithmically |
| mesophiles | microoraganisms that undergo optimal growth in moderate temperature, generally between 25 degrees and 40 degrees C |
| microaerophiles | organisms that require a low concentration of oxygen, about 2% to 10% which is a much lower concentration than is present in the atmosphere |
| minerals | in biology, inorganic chemical elements required by living organisms |
| nitrogen | an essential element for all life forms, its atomic number is 7 |
| obligate aerobes | organisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen |
| obligate anaerobes | organisms that grow only in the absence of oxygen and are often inhibited or killed by the presence of oxygen |
| obligate halophiles | organisms that show optimal growth in salty environments |
| osmophiles | organisms that require a high solute concentration in the environment for optimal growth |
| photoautotrophs | organisms that use sunlight as an energy source and atmospheric carbon dioxide as their carbon source |
| photoheterotrophs | organisms that use sunlight for energy and organic compounds as their source for carbon |
| phototrophs | organisms that use sunlight for photosynthesis and release energy during the process |
| pleomorphic | describing organisms that exhibit variations in size and shape |
| prototype | in microbiology, the originally described bacterium of a species |
| psychrophiles | cold-loving organisms that can grow at 0 degrees C or lower, with optimal growth at about 15 degrees C |
| psychrotrophs | organisms that grow very slowly at 0 degrees C but have a optimal growth range of 25 degrees C to 30 degrees C |
| sarcina | a bacterial arrangement in which cocci are grouped in a 3-dimensional cube of 8,16, or more cells |
| spirals | occurs as vibrios, spirilla, or spirochetes |
| spirilla | bacteria with a coiled, "snakelike" shape; flagella often provide the mechanism for motility |
| spirochetes | bacteria with a coiled, helical, "snakelike" shape. An axial filament provides a mechanism for motility, allowing the bacteria to move by flexing or bending |
| staphylococci | cocci arranged in irregular clumps or grapelike clusters |
| stationary phase | the third phase of bacterial growth, in which the production of new cells equals the rate of cell death |
| strain | in taxonomy, a subgroup of a species with characteristics that distinguish it from other subgroups of that species |
| streptococci | cocci arranged in a string or chain |
| sulfur | an essential life element with the atomic number 16 |
| tetrads | in microbiology, a bacterial arrangement in which the cells are grouped in squares of 4 |
| thermophiles | microorganisms whose optimal growth temperature is relatively high, usually between 45 degrees C and 80 degrees C |
| vibrios | simple curved, rod-shaped bacteria |
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elmore00
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