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Med Surg 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why can insulin not be taken orally? | it is destroyed by the gi enzymes |
| The diet needed with myxedema | High Fiber, Increase Fluids, Reduce calories |
| What does the oral hypoglycemia agent DiaBeta do? | Increases insulin production |
| What does the oral hypoglycemia agent Biguanides do? | reduces liver glucose production and improves glucose use |
| What does the oral hypoglycemia agent Metformin do? | improves glycemic control, stabilizes/decreases body weight, improves lipid profile |
| What is a problem with lipodystrophy? | Decreases absorption of insulin |
| What is the advantage of human insulin over animal? | Human cases have fewer allergies |
| Teaching instructions for self monitoring blood glucose. | Check in th emorning, wipe site, allow to dry, then stick, put blood on stick in monitor, apply bandaid to site |
| Why might a obese person develop diabetes? | Cells get clooged with fat. Sugar cannot get into cells to burn. Pancreas cannot keep up, makes an inadequate supply |
| Patients at risk for Diabetes Mellitus | Close relatives with DM, Baby over 9lbs.,Member of high risk ethnic population, gestational diabetes, obese, lazy, HTN, Lipoproteins, cholestrol level & triglycerides elevated |
| The result of diabetes mellitus | Decrease in pancreas function, where decreased or no insulin is being produced |
| Diabetes Mellitus affects? | eyes, kidneys, nervous & cv systems |
| What exercie is NOT done following removal of the thyroid? | Coughing |
| A common medication used for a nonfunctioning thyroid? | Synthroid |
| Possible injuries from parathyroid tumor | possible fractures & kidney stones |
| How to conduct a check for Chvostek's sign? | tap facial nerve, will be a spasm of facial muscle. |
| A symptom of Addison's disease | Skin bronze over knees, elbows, knuckles |
| A symptom of Pheochromocytoma | hypertension- systolic 200-300;diastolic above 150 |
| Symptoms of diabetes mellitus | High bllod sugar, polyuria, polydipsia, recuurent infections, obesity, fatigue, blurred vision, parasthesia |
| What is the meaning of an elevated FBS? | common after 8 hrs., increases 126mg. this test does not say you are diabetic. it tells you if you are using glucose in the blood properly. |
| 2 hr post prandial test | Is given 2 hrs after meal, most accurate |
| Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HgB A1c) | tells glucocontrol over 3 months. Glucose ties onto tail of hgb- sugar is sticky. |
| What is called the master gland? | Pituitary |
| Why is the Pituitary gland called the master gland? | It helps regulate many functions of other glands. |
| What is acromegaly? | Hypersecretion of GH during adulthood |
| Signs & symptoms of acromegaly? | enlargement of bones & connective tissue-Big Hands, big feet, forehead, protruding jaw |
| What to look for in a simple Goiter? | difficulty swallowing |
| Prevention of a simple goiter? | Use iodine salt |
| What causes a Simple Goiter? | TH production decreases, thyroid enlarges- attempt to produce more hormone. Iodine is necessary for TH synthesis & secretion |
| What is the purpose of preoperative iodine drug therapy for a thyroidectomy? | to decrease vascularity & size of gland to reduce bleeding during surgery |
| What equipment should be on hand for the post op thyroidectomy? | Suction equipment, trach set, O2, Iv calcium gluconate |
| Diet for Hyperthyroidism? | Hi-calorie, protein, CHO,calcium |
| How many meals a day should someone with Hyperthyroidism eat? | 6 small meals a day & snacks |
| what in the diet should a person with Hyperthyroidism avoid? | High fiber, high spicy that would increase peristalsis |
| What to teach a patient with Addison's Crisis | Avoid Stress, Increase fluids, diet high in sodium and low in potassium, dont skip meals, wear medic alert braclet. |
| What causes Addison's crisis | If meds are stopped abruptly, stress, surgery, trauma |
| Functions of epinephrine & norepinephrine? | stimulation of sympathetic nervous system (alters CNS) |
| A common complaint for hypothyroidism? | Constipation |
| The primary assessment with Diabetes Insipidus | Output 5-15L/day, Wt loss, polyuria, polydyspnea look for s/s of dehydration-weak |
| The technique used with Vasopressin (DDAVP) via nasal spray? | Inhale with each spray |
| What is the technique to mix insulins in syringe? | Put air in cloudy, air in clear, draw up clear, then cloudy |
| Regular meal times are important for a diabetic why? | Prevent hypoglycemia |
| Why is it important for a diabetic to exercise and why should they also use caution when doing so? | It increases glucose used by the muscle, decreases need for insulin, Chl,triglycerides, improves circulation, caution used --- blood sugar may drop to rapidly with heavy exercise |
| What causes Diabetic Ketoacidosis? | Neglect or ignorance characterized by hyperglycemia or coma, in person with untreated type 1 diabetes, occurs with periods of eccesive physical, emotional stress, illness, or infection |
| S/S of Diabetic Ketoacidosis | Thirst, Dry mucous membranes, Hot dry skin, flushed face, n/v, poor skin turgor, looks & feels sick, sweet fruity breath odor, Kussmuals respirations. |
| The importance of personal hygiene for those with diabetes mellitus | Prevent complications- circ. problems, atherosclerosis |
| How to minimize complications for diabetics? | Good control of blood sugar, diet meds, take meds properly, go to DR., wt management |
| Difficulties for one diagnosed with Diabetic renopathy? | Hard time to take care of self, foot care, food prep, high risk for falls |
| what is the leading cause of blindness between the ages of 25-74? | Diabetic Renopathy |
| When does teaching start? | day of admission |
| Teaching selfcare to diabetics | Knowledge of all aspects, home environment, family, finances, teach insulin reactions, how to self check and self administer |
| What is responsible for producing excessive amounts of hormone cortisol. | Adrenal Cortex |
| Noral Blood Glucose Level | 80-120 |
| Cushings disease has to much? | Cortisol |
| Aldostrone when is it released? | When blood volume falls tells kidneys to hold on to salt & water |
| Pheochromocytoma | benign tumor in adrenal medulla |
| Risk for Corneal Abrasions | tape eyelids shut at night, artifical tears |
| Insufficient amount of Thyroid Hormone | Hypothyroidism |
| what to check with Hypoparathyroidism? | Chvostek sign |
| Increased Parathyroid disorder | Calcium levels go from bones to blood. causing hypercalcemia also cause osteoperosis |
| What is the most common cause of Hyperthyroidism? | Graves Disease |
| Symptoms of Graves disease? | prtruding eyes (exophthalmos), upper lip retracted, pt will have excitability. |
| Necessary for proper functioning of the thyroid | Iodine |
| Increased calcium blood levels | Parathyroid |
| Secretes digestive enzymes and releases insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream | Pancreas |
| Regulates temperature, fluid volume, and growth | Hypothalamus |
| Produces Insulin | Islets of Langerhans |
| Produces hormones known as catecholamines | Adrenal medulla |
| Reduces excess calcium in the blood | Thyroid |
| A counterregulatory hormone | Ephinephrine |
| Reduces excess calcium in the blood | Thyroid |
| Results from antidiuretic hormone insufficiency | Addison's Disease |
| Stimulates the hypersecretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly | Pituitary adenoma |
| Concentration of particles in the blood | Osmolarity |
| Caused by an excess production of antidiuretic hormone | SIADH |
| Caused by inadequate production of growth hormone | Dwarfism |
| Hyperthyroidism | Grave's Disease |
| Excessive production of thyroid hormone | Hyperthyroidism |
| Insufficient amounts of adrenal cortex hormones | Diabetes Insipidus |
| Common cause of primary hypothyroidism | Thyroiditis |
| Occurs with reduced calcium in the blood | Tetany |
| Morning rise of blood glucose after low levels at night | Somogyi effect |
| Insufficient insulin production | Type2 |
| The organ that produces digestive enzymes and regulates the amount of glucose in the blood is called? | Pancreas |
| What releases inslulin into the bloodstream | islets of Langerhans |
| Glycogen is converted into glucose in a process know as | glycogenolysis |
| The loss of fluid from extracellular compartments is called | osmotic diuresis |
| The condition know as polyuria suggests that there is an excessive production of | urine |
| A type of phenomenon in which the blood sugar levels rise between 5am and 8am is called | dawn phenomenon |
| The classic three p's of diabetes mellitus are | polyuria,polydipsia,polyphagia |
Created by:
Cbilletter
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