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CARDIAC KQ
Cardiovascular Surgery
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an endarterectomy? | removal of plaque from the carotid artery |
| What meds may be held prior to cardiac surgery? | anticoagulants and diuretics |
| How far in advance are anticoagulants held with cardiac surgery? | ASA-2-7 days , warfarin 4-5 days |
| How far in advance are diuretics held with cardiac surgery? | 2 days |
| How long is a patient NPO prior to cardiac surgery? | 8-12 hours |
| What is CPB? | cardiopulmonary bypass |
| What is the purpose of CPB? | to divert blood from the heart and lungs so that the surgical area is bloodless and motionless |
| How high is the PTT made in CPB for therapeutic effect? | 5-6x greater than normal |
| What is used to reverse the effects of Heparin with CPB? | protamine sulfate |
| Where is heparin stored in the body? | in organs in tissues |
| How long after surgery can fluid shift occur with CPB? | 6 hours |
| Why are mediastinal chest tubes used with CPB? | to drain any remaining blood from chest cavity |
| How is the sternotomy closed after cardiac surgery? | both with wires and sutures |
| What is a CABG? | coronary artery bypass graft |
| What veins are commonly used with CABG? | saphenous vein from leg or internal mammary artery from the chest wall |
| What other arteries can be used with CABG? | RGEA and IEA (look them up) |
| What is TML? | transmyocardial laser |
| What is the purpose of TML? | to reduce angina |
| What does TML ultimately do? | makes 20-30 channles into the myocardium to reduce angina |
| What is a commisurotomy? | heart valve repair for a stenosed valve |
| What is annuloplasty? | repairs the annulus of the valve |
| What valve is commonly repaired using annuloplasty? | mitral valve |
| What is a valvotomy? | balloon procedure to repair a stenosed valve |
| What are the 3 types of mechanical valves? | caged ball,monoleaflet,bileaflet |
| What type of blood flow do mechanical valves create and why is this a problem? | turbulent flow, leads to clot formation |
| What are the 3 sources of tissue for valve replacements? | porcine,bovine,human |
| What re the indications that ventricular aneurysms need repair? | persistant angina,symptoms of heart failure, left vent failure, tachydysrhythmias |
| What muscle is used for a cardiomyoplasty | latissimus dorsi |
| What are athe 2 types of cardiac traumas? | nonpenetrating or penetrating |
| What renal complications can occur from cardiac surgery? | low arterial pressure can trigger angiotensin mechanism |
| Who is cardiac transplant reserved for? | end stage cardiac disease patients |
| What is the major cause of death the first year after cardiac transplant? | rejection |
Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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